Volatile N-nitrosamines in sausage products

The authors studied the content of volatile N-nitrosamines (NA) in the most common sausage products. It was established that the total content of NA in sausage products is not high and ranges from trace amounts up to 10 micrograms/kg product. The allowable doses of nitrite in the sausage manufacture being low, no relationship was discovered between the content of NA and residual nitrite in meat products.     

Towards cognitively grounded gaze-controlled interfaces

Gaze-controlled interfaces have become a viable alternative to hand-input-based displays and present a particular value to the field of assistive technologies, allowing people with motor disabilities to partake in activities that otherwise would have been inaccessible to them. The present paper gives an overview of the key problems associated with the user experience in gaze-controlled human–computer interfaces and introduces two areas of psychological research that could contribute to the development of gaze-controlled interfaces that give a more intuitive sense of control and are less likely to interfere with ongoing cognitive processes. Such interfaces are referred to as cognitively grounded. The two areas of psychological research that lead to the design of cognitively grounded gaze-controlled interfaces are the sense of agency and the cognitive embodiment. This overview builds on findings within these areas and outlines research questions essential to the design of cognitively grounded gaze-controlled interfaces.     

Recovery of rare-earth elements from nitric acid solutions by fullerene black impregnated with diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide

The distribution of microamounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y nitrates between aqueous HNO₃ solutions and fullerene black impregnated with diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide (L) was studied. The influence exerted on the efficiency of REE recovery by the HNO₃ concentration in the aqueous phase and concentration of L in the sorbent phase was examined. The degree of REE recovery increases on adding HClO₄ to the aqueous phase.     

Plasma density in discharge sustained in inhomogeneous gas flow by high-power radiation in the terahertz frequency range

We have measured the density of plasma (electron concentration) in discharge maintained in inhomogeneous argon flow under the action of high-power pulsed radiation of gyrotron (frequency, 0.67 THz; power 40 kW; pulse duration, 20–30 μs) in a range of background gas pressures in the discharge chamber from 10^–3 to 300 Torr. The electron concentration at low pressures (10^–3 to 7 Torr) was determined using Starkeffect induced broadening of the H_α atomic emission line (656.3 nm) of hydrogen present in discharge as a small impurity in residual gases. The maximum observed Stark broadening of the H_α line corresponded to a plasma density on the order of 2 × 1016 cm^–3, which exceeded the critical value for the given frequency of radiation sustaining the discharge. At background pressures above 7 Torr, the plasma density was estimated from analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns and waveforms of discharge glow in the visible spectral range. These estimations gave electron concentrations on the level of (1–2) × 10¹⁵ cm^–3.     

EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE SOLVENTS IN COMPOSITE POLYMERIC MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

A method and a device for determination of the effective diffusion coefficient of active solvents in composite polymeric materials (CPM) based on cellulose derivatives are proposed and examined. This method accounts for anomalous mass transfer phenomena, considerable shrinkage and changes of sorption capacity of the CPM specimen allowing selection of the rational technological regime. Results of experimental studies on diffusion of acetone and ethanol in cellulose nitrate with various degrees of substitution are given as examples.     

Sorption of certain azole derivatives of benzoic acid in the course of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Some physicochemical regularities of the sorption of azole derivatives of benzoic acid in the course of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography are discussed. Single- and multiparameter dependences of the retention factor on physicochemical properties of sorbate molecules are obtained.     

Hybrid Membranes Synthesized from a Nafion Powder and Carbon Nanotubes by Hot Pressing

Unmodified and hybrid membranes based on Nafion and carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by hot pressing from a mixture of polymer and dopant powders. The water uptake, ionic conductivity under different conditions, and diffusion permeability of the membranes for HCl and methanol solutions have been studied. The hybrid membranes are characterized by high water uptake and proton conductivity in contact with water and low diffusion permeability for hydrochloric acid solution. In contact with water, the conductivity of the samples modified with 1 wt % carbon nanotubes is 0.070 S/cm; the diffusion permeability of a 0.1 M HCl solution is 2.43 × 10^–7 cm²/s.