Data-driven next-generation smart grid towards sustainable energy evolution: techniques and technology review

Meteorological changes urge engineering communities to look for sustainable and clean energy technologies to keep the environment safe by reducing CO2 emissions. The structure of these technologies relies on the deep integration of advanced data-driven techniques which can ensure efcient energy generation, transmission, and distribution. After conducting thorough research for more than a decade, the concept of the smart grid (SG) has emerged, and its practice around the world paves the ways for efcient use of reliable energy technology. However, many developing features evoke keen interest and their improvements can be regarded as the next-generation smart grid (NGSG). Also, to deal with the non-linearity and uncertainty, the emergence of data-driven NGSG technology can become a great initiative to reduce the diverse impact of non-linearity. This paper exhibits the conceptual framework of NGSG by enabling some intelligent technical features to ensure its reliable operation, including intelligent control, agent-based energy conversion, edge computing for energy management, internet of things (IoT) enabled inverter, agent-oriented demand side management, etc. Also, a study on the development of data-driven NGSG is discussed to facilitate the use of emerging data-driven techniques (DDTs) for the sustainable operation of the SG. The prospects of DDTs in the NGSG and their adaptation challenges in real-time are also explored in this paper from various points of view including engineering, technology, et al. Finally, the trends of DDTs towards securing sustainable and clean energy evolution from the NGSG technology in order to keep the environment safe is also studied, while some major future issues are highlighted. This paper can ofer extended support for engineers and researchers in the context of data-driven technology and the SG.     

Theranostic Interpolation of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a diverse disease caused by mutations in multiple genes accompanying epigenetic aberrations of hazardous genes and protein pathways, which distress tumor-suppressor genes and the expression of oncogenes. Alteration in any of the several physiological mechanisms such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, mitotic checkpoints, and telomere maintenance results in genomic instability. Theranostic has the potential to foretell and estimate therapy response, contributing a valuable opportunity to modify the ongoing treatments and has developed new treatment strategies in a personalized manner. “Omics” technologies play a key role while studying genomic instability in breast cancer, and broadly include various aspects of proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and tumor grading. Certain computational techniques have been designed to facilitate the early diagnosis of cancer and predict disease-specific therapies, which can produce many effective results. Several diverse tools are used to investigate genomic instability and underlying mechanisms. The current review aimed to explore the genomic landscape, tumor heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms of genomic instability involved in initiating breast cancer. We also discuss the implications of computational biology regarding mutational and pathway analyses, identification of prognostic markers, and the development of strategies for precision medicine. We also review different technologies required for the investigation of genomic instability in breast cancer cells, including recent therapeutic and preventive advances in breast cancer.     

Effect of γ-irradiation on granule structure and physicochemical properties of starch extracted from two types of potatoes grown in Jammu & Kashmir,India

In this study red and white potato starches were treated with γ-irradiation of 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy. Physicochemical, pasting and morphological properties of the irradiated starches were investigated. Apparent amylose content, pH, moisture, swelling power and syneresis decreased; whereas carboxyl content, water absorption capacity and solubility increased with increasing irradiation dose. Pasting properties also decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) upon increasing the irradiation dose. Observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed surface cracking of the starch granules by γ-irradiation which increased with increase in irradiation dose. X-ray diffraction pattern remained the same upon irradiation but a decrease in relative crystallinity was observed with increasing irradiation dose.     

Eliciting information about organizational culture via laddering

Abstract. Eliciting information about organizational culture is an important part of system analysis and design. However, eliciting knowledge of this sort is difficult. Laddering is an established technique that is particularly suitable for eliciting information about goals and for eliciting explanations, which are important issues when investigating organizational culture. This paper describes the method, its strengths and limitations, its use in several case studies and its relation to other elicitation techniques. Recommendations for further work are given.     

Seed Oil Based Zinc Bioactive Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies

Zinc containing oil based polyesteramide resins were synthesized by condensation polymerization reaction between castor/soyabean oil derived castor/soyabean fatty amide diol (HECA/HESA), Zn (OH)₂ and adipic acid. The conventional spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR have been used to establish the structure of the polymers. Standard laboratory methods were used to study the physicochemical characteristics like acid value, hydroxyl value, saponification value, iodine value, specific gravity, and viscosity. The thermal behaviour of the polymers was analyzed by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro antifungal (anticandidial) activity of the polymers was studied against C. albicans ATCC-10261, C. glabrata ATCC-90030 and C. tropicalis ATCC-750, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Gram positive (S. subtillis) and Gram negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhi) was also examined. For more accuracy, growth curve studies were carried out with the polymer SZ showing higher biological activity against E. coli by using conventional spectrophotometer. The result showed that the polymers have potent anticandidial and antibacterial activities.     

Silver–ethylene glycol and copper–ethylene glycol based thermally radiative nanofluid characteristics between two rotating stretchable disks with modified Fourier heat flux

In the present analysis, our aim is to investigate the mass and heat transport of silver (Ag)–ethylene glycol (EG) and copper (Cu)–EG-based nanofluids between two rotating stretchable disks under the convective boundary conditions. We have also incorporated Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction in the fluid flow. The system of coupled partial differential equations is transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The finite element method has been accomplished to find numerical solutions to transformed equations. The behavior of radial and tangential velocity, temperature fields, and concentration fields influenced by the various parameters are sketched through graphs. The local skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also calculated for the pertinent parameters and displayed the results through tables. It is perceived that velocity sketches of both nanoliquids degenerate with larger values of thermal relaxation parameters. Also, the values local Nusselt number of both Ag–EG, and Cu–EG based Cattaneo–Christov nanofluid intensifies with improving values of stretching parameter at the lower disk, whereas, it impedes at the upper disk.     

Synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic organogels based on Schiff base chemistry

Poly(sulfobetaine)s and poly(carboxybetaine)s have been extensively studied for their zwitterionic and biocompatible nature. The specific features that make such zwitterionic structures technologically important are their chemical structure, a straight forward synthetic route, high ionic contents with interesting dilute solution, and solid state properties. The objective of this work is to synthesize novel zwitterionic polymers having gel characteristics. Here, p‐phenylene diamine/melamine react as nucleophiles with glutaraldehyde to produce poly(schiff base)s. In the subsequent step, the poly(sulfobetaine)s and poly(carboxybetaine)s were produced on treatment with 1,3‐propane sultone/γ‐butyrolactone. Hence, a catalyst free facile approach to novel zwitterionic polymers was obtained. The polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, XRD analyses, SEM, pH metric titrations, conductometric titrations, and thermal analyses (TGA/DTA). The polymeric samples carry the gel characteristics, showing lamellar structure with porous network. XRD pattern shows Bragg peaks indicative of superstructures. Thermal analysis indicates the Hoffman elimination of β hydrogen and subsequent release of sulfopropyl/carboxybutyl group. One of the gel polymers shows fluorescence also. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Selective recognition of fenbufen by surface-imprinted silica with iniferter technique

Fenbufen, a member of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was imprinted by utilizing a zwitterionic polymeric format, N-[(phenylenediammonium) maleimidopropane sulfonate] copolymer. Imprinting was carried out by grafting polymer on a photoiniferter modified silica gel via living radical polymerization. Electrostatic interactions along with complementary H-bonding and other hydrophobic interactions inducing additional synergetic effect between the template (fenbufen) and the imprinted surface led to the formation of imprinted sites. Grafted molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was characterized by FTIR and surface area measurements besides the recognition, rebinding and selectivity studies. The surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the MIP are 259.06 m²/g, 4.99 nm and 0.32 cm³/g, respectively. The MIP was able to selectively and specifically take up fenbufen quantitatively. Hence, a facile, specific and selective technique using surface-grafted specific molecular contours developed for specific and selective uptake of fenbufen in the presence of various interferrants, in different kinds of matrices is presented.     

Indicators of the ecological stress and environmental susceptibility of Keenjhar Lake,Sindh, Pakistan

Keenjhar Lake, mega storage of drinking water for the residents of Karachi metropolis, agriculture cultivation and a well‐known recreational place, has been steadily contaminated. This study was aimed to understand the level of pollution and the reasons for a decrease in fish production over the past decade based on the available datasets. Focusing on some heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb, beyond limit can cause of human health risk, here we provide a critical review of the previous studies conducted to findout reasonable solutions to cope with rapid environmental changes. A multivariate approach of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to test the relationships among physicochemical parameters in relation to the heavy metals. The first component PCI revealed 88.09%, variability in the loaded dataset and PCII II 6.05% of the total variations. A cluster analysis was established to delineate heavy metal intensity in the corresponding years. Results indicated that since 2012, there has been a steady increase in heavy metal concentration, which can subsequently pose a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is emphasized that carcinogenic health effects of such contamination on human health need to be investigated. However, over a decade datasets can solely fill knowledge gaps associated with framework conservation and management strategies.     

Stability of rare‐earth‐doped spherical yttria‐stabilized zirconia synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Phase stability is one of the crucial requirements for any material that can be used at elevated temperature applications such as thermal barrier coating (TBC). The most traditional TBC material, partially stabilized zirconia, limits the operating temperature due to its phase transformation. Conversely, the low thermal conductivity of fully stabilized zirconia (YSZ) may enable effective reduction in the surface temperature on the coated component, while avoiding deleterious phase transitions, although still being subjected to sintering and grain growth. It has been reported that addition of rare‐earths as dopants to YSZ can significantly increase resistance to grain growth at high temperature. Keeping this under consideration, this work investigates the role of rare‐earths (lanthanum and gadolinium) in increasing thermal stability of YSZ microspheres, the building blocks for high‐temperature photonics for reflective TBC. The spheres were produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, and the doping led to significant improvement of stability by significant inhibition of grain growth. While the individual dopants showed significant growth and sintering inhibition up to 900°C, co‐doping with 4% (in mol) of each (Gd and La) led to coarsening resistance up to 1000°C for 3 hours, when particles retained reasonable spherical features with nanometric crystallite sizes.