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The effects of dietary deficiencies of zinc and essential fatty acids (EFAs) or both on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated in young growing rats. Four groups of albino rats were fed diets deficient in either EFA (4% hydrogenated coconut oil) or zinc (6 ppm) or both. The control diet was adequate in EFA (4% soybean oil) and zinc (100 ppm). The feeding trial lasted eight weeks and the activities of AST and ALT were determined in the liver and serum. EFA deficiency had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on liver AST. However, zinc and the double deficiencies depressed AST activity in the organ. Deficiencies of EFA, zinc and their combination depressed ALT activity in the liver significantly (p < 0.05) with a concomitant increase recorded in the serum. The data suggested alteration in endothelial permeability of the plasma membrane and thus leakage of membrane constituents in the tissue studied. It is therefore considered that these deficient diets may affect liver tissue negatively in view of the role of these enzymes in amino acid metabolism. 相似文献
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Kazeem D. Adeyemi Abdulraheem Abdulrahman Sulyman O. Ibrahim Marili F. Zubair Olubunmi Atolani Abdulhammed A. Badmos 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2020,122(6)
The influence of dietary Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut) seed meal (TCSM) on fatty acids, productivity parameters, and physicochemical properties of breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens are assessed. A total of 180, 28‐d‐old Arbor acre broiler chickens are randomly assigned to dietary treatments containing 0% (control), 2.5%, and 5% w/w TCSM, fed for 28 d, and euthanized. Dietary TCSM reduces (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), carcass weight, and abdominal fat. Diet does not affect feed efficiency and hematological parameters. The control birds have higher (p < 0.05) serum total cholesterol and triglycerides than do the supplemented birds. Diet has no effect on pH, water holding capacity, carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, and organoleptic properties of breast and thigh muscles. The 5% TCSM has higher redness in breast muscle than do other treatments. Dietary TCSM improves (p < 0.05) the concentration of C18:3n‐3 (4.80–8.76% vs 1.56%), C20:5n‐3 (0.54–0.79% vs 0.39%), C22:5n‐3 (0.64–0.89% vs 0.18%), and C22:6n‐3 (0.75–0.97% vs 0.19%), and reduces (p < 0.05) the fat content (2.15–2.45% vs 3.15%) in breast and thigh muscles. Dietary TCSM enhances muscle n‐3 fatty acids without instigating oxidative deterioration, but reduces BWG in broiler chickens. Practical Application: Albeit that broiler meat is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), its omega 6 (n‐6)/omega 3 (n‐3) is >4. Elevated n‐6/n‐3 could have adverse effect on human physiology thereby promoting the pathogenesis of certain diseases. This heightens the need to enhance the n‐3 PUFA content of broiler meat. Dietary TCSM induced up to a fourfold increase in n‐3 PUFA content of the breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens. Moreover, dietary TCSM induced up to a tenfold decrease in the n‐6/n‐3 of the breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens. This finding assumes great significance because the health concerns regarding dietary fat are the foremost factors responsible for the bad image suffered by meat. These results provide insights on the potential of TCSM to improve the nutritional quality without compromising the oxidative shelf life, organoleptic traits, and physicochemical properties of broiler meat. 相似文献
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Increasing the power density and heat dissipation in electronic equipment and their need for an efficient thermal management system have made the liquid cooling techniques inevitable in recent years. In most applications, liquid cooling systems work in conjunction with more traditional cooling methods, such as conduction and convection heat transfer, using air cooling systems. In this study, the performance of Reciprocating Mechanism‐Driven Heat Loop (RMDHL) for electronic and power electronic cooling applications has been studied and compared with that of a conventional Dynamic Pump‐Driven Heat Loop (DPDHL). A numerical model using moving boundaries in Ansys Fluent commercial code has been developed to generate the reciprocating motion of working fluid with desired frequency and amplitude. The temperature distribution contours and Nusselt numbers show the superior performance of the RMDHL system in terms of heat transfer and temperature uniformity of the heated surface. The results show that, for the same average mass flow rate in the cooling loops the average surface temperature in the RMDHL loop is considerably lower than that of DPDHL especially at higher reciprocating frequency. The results also indicate that similar to the effect of the oscillatory frequency, increasing the amplitude also increases the heat transfer rate in the RMDHL loop. In addition, the Nusselt number shows a linear increment with the increase of both oscillatory amplitude and frequency. Uniform temperature distribution and efficiency of thermal management systems based on RMDHL loop could decrease the resultant thermal stress in electronic devices and increase the reliability of them. 相似文献
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Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade Yapo Guillaume Aboua Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi Aduragbenro Deborah A. Adedapo Abimbola Obemisola Aro Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi Emma Thamahane-Katengua Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi Blessing Seun Ogunpolu Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies Adebowale Benard Saba Adeolu Alex Adedapo Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng Lyndy Joy McGaw Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju Momoh Audu Yakubu 《Journal of Food Biochemistry》2021,45(2):e13604
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The effects of dietary deficiencies of zinc and essential fatty acids (EFAs) or both on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated in young growing rats. Four groups of albino rats were fed diets deficient in either EFA (4% hydrogenated coconut oil) or zinc (6 ppm) or both. The control diet was adequate in EFA (4% soybean oil) and zinc (100 ppm). The feeding trial lasted eight weeks and the activities of AST and ALT were determined in the liver and serum. EFA deficiency had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on liver AST. However, zinc and the double deficiencies depressed AST activity in the organ. Deficiencies of EFA, zinc and their combination depressed ALT activity in the liver significantly (p < 0.05) with a concomitant increase recorded in the serum. The data suggested alteration in endothelial permeability of the plasma membrane and thus leakage of membrane constituents in the tissue studied. It is therefore considered that these deficient diets may affect liver tissue negatively in view of the role of these enzymes in amino acid metabolism. 相似文献
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Kazeem D. Adeyemi Foluke E. Sola-Ojo Aminat M. Ahmed El-Imam Olubunmi Atolani Oluwasayope I. Alli Abdulhafeez O. Adegboyega Shukurat O. Abubakar Oluwatosin S. Obamonire Felicia O. Ologunde 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2023,125(6):2200216
The influence of dietary oil type (OT) and late feed restriction (FR) on growth, caeca bacteria count, carcass, separable fat depots, serum and muscle lipids, and meat quality in broilers is examined. In total, 224, 21-day-old female Arbor acres broilers are randomly allotted to either PN, Unrestricted+50 g kg−1 palm oil (PO); PR, 25%-FR+PO; SN, Unrestricted+50 g kg−1 soybean oil (SO); or SR, 25%-FR+SO for 21 d. The SN and PR birds have the heaviest and lightest body weight gain (BWG), respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is poorer in the PN birds. Feed-restricted birds have more caeca Lactobacillus and lower Salmonella, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides. Carcass yield is higher in SR birds and lower in PN birds. The FR-OT interaction is significant for muscle lipids and weight of fat depots. The PN birds deposit more abdominal, intramuscular, sartorial, mesentery and neck fats, muscle saturated fatty acids, and C18:1n-9 and lower C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 than other birds. Neither OT nor FR affects the pH, color, water holding capacity, and oxidative stability of breast meat. The changes elicited by 25%-FR on BWG, FCR, carcass yield, depot fats, and muscle lipids in female broilers are dependent on dietary OT. Practical Application: Fast growth rate and unrestricted access to feed can predispose broiler chickens to excessive fat accretion, which is counterproductive. Producing high-quality carcasses that meet consumers’ expectation is crucial for sustainable and efficient broiler production. The possible interaction between dietary OT and late quantitative FR in mitigating excessive fat accretion and altering production indices in female broilers is explored. Late quantitative FR reduces BWG, FCR, serum lipids, caeca pH and Salmonella spp. and fat accretion in fat depots, and enhances carcass yield and caeca Lactobacillus spp. However, the impacts are more pronounced in the PO birds than the SO birds. Late FR improves the C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 contents in PO meat while reducing the C14:0 and C16:0 contents in SO meat. These findings explicate that dietary OT and late quantitative FR can be synergistically used to mitigate excessive fat accretion and alter growth, caeca microflora, and muscle lipids in broilers. 相似文献
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