全文获取类型
收费全文 | 504篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4篇 |
化学工业 | 72篇 |
金属工艺 | 16篇 |
机械仪表 | 7篇 |
建筑科学 | 25篇 |
能源动力 | 14篇 |
轻工业 | 53篇 |
水利工程 | 8篇 |
无线电 | 39篇 |
一般工业技术 | 66篇 |
冶金工业 | 126篇 |
原子能技术 | 3篇 |
自动化技术 | 92篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1901年 | 4篇 |
1900年 | 6篇 |
1899年 | 10篇 |
1898年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有525条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Valentin Jolivet Yann Morizet Jonathan Hamon Michael Paris Tomo Suzuki-Muresan 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(3):1360-1369
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a key parameter to investigate for application in nuclear waste immobilization in borosilicate glasses. Tg for several glasses containing iodine (I) has been measured in order to determine the I effect on Tg. Two series of glass composition (ISG and NH) containing up to 2.5 mol% I and synthesized under high pressure (0.5 to 1.5 GPa) have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The I local environment in glasses has been determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and revealed that I is dissolved under its iodide form (I−). Results show that Tg is decreased with the I addition in the glass in agreement with previous results. We also observed that this Tg decrease is a strong function of glass composition. For NH, 2.5 mol% I induces a decrease of 24°C in Tg, whereas for ISG, 1.2 mol% decreases the Tg by 64°C. We interpret this difference as the result of the I dissolution mechanism and its effect on the polymerization of the boron network. The I dissolution in ISG is accompanied by a depolymerization of the boron network, whereas it is the opposite in NH. Although ISG corresponds to a standardized glass, for the particular case of I immobilization it appears less adequate than NH considering that the decrease in Tg for NH is small in comparison to ISG. 相似文献
2.
JA Calera S Paris M Monod AJ Hamilton JP Debeaupuis M Diaquin R López-Medrano F Leal JP Latgé 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,65(11):4718-4724
Aspergillus fumigatus possesses two catalases (described as fast and slow on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility). The slow catalase has been recognized as a diagnostic antigen for aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients. The antigenic catalase has been purified. The enzyme is a tetrameric protein composed of 90-kDa subunits. The corresponding cat1 gene was cloned, and sequencing data show that the cat1 gene codes for a 728-amino-acid polypeptide. A recombinant protein expressed in Pichia pastoris is enzymatically active and has biochemical and antigenic properties that are similar to those of the wild-type catalase. Molecular experiments reveal that CAT1 contains a signal peptide and a propeptide of 15 and 12 amino acid residues, respectively. cat1-disrupted mutants that were unable to produce the slow catalase were as sensitive to H2O2 and polymorphonuclear cells as the wild-type strain. In addition, there was no difference in pathogenicity between the cat1 mutant and its parental cat1+ strain in a murine model of aspergillosis. 相似文献
3.
4.
Cloning of observables, unlike standard cloning of states, aims at copying the information encoded in the statistics of a
class of observables rather then on quantum states themselves. In such a process the emphasis is on the quantum operation
(evolution plus measurement) necessary to retrieve the original information. We analyze, for qubit systems, the cloning of
a class generated by two noncommuting observables, elucidating the relationship between such a process and joint measurements.
This helps in establishing an optimality criterion for cloning of observables. We see that, even if the cloning machine is
designed to act on the whole class generated by two noncommuting observables, the same optimal performances of a joint measurement
can be attained. Finally, the connection with state dependent cloning is enlightened. 相似文献
5.
This study tried to investigate, by the power comsumption technique, the influence of the powder's and solvent's properties on wet granulation.
It could be shown that the required amount of granulation liquid decreases when the particle size of the powder to be granulated increases. This relationship is however only true when the particle size distribution of the powder to be granulated is rather narrow.
Powders having the same solubility in different solvents require the same optimal liquid quantity for granulation, but the properties of resulting granules depend on surface tension and wetting properties of the solvent.
When the powder to be granulated contains crystallisation water, the temperature rising in the mixer can be sufficient to liberate this water, which must be taken into account in the optimal granulation liquid requirement.
The effect of a macromolecular binder (PVP, HPMC) has also been studied: the optimal liquid quantity required changes with the kind of binder used and the manufacturing process (binder used in solution or added as dry powder).
It was also shown that in the case of lactose, the optimal quantity of PVP or HPMC can be determined from the power consumption records and from the granules friability studies 相似文献
It could be shown that the required amount of granulation liquid decreases when the particle size of the powder to be granulated increases. This relationship is however only true when the particle size distribution of the powder to be granulated is rather narrow.
Powders having the same solubility in different solvents require the same optimal liquid quantity for granulation, but the properties of resulting granules depend on surface tension and wetting properties of the solvent.
When the powder to be granulated contains crystallisation water, the temperature rising in the mixer can be sufficient to liberate this water, which must be taken into account in the optimal granulation liquid requirement.
The effect of a macromolecular binder (PVP, HPMC) has also been studied: the optimal liquid quantity required changes with the kind of binder used and the manufacturing process (binder used in solution or added as dry powder).
It was also shown that in the case of lactose, the optimal quantity of PVP or HPMC can be determined from the power consumption records and from the granules friability studies 相似文献
6.
Pebbles Fagan Vickie Shavers Deirdre Lawrence James Todd Gibson Paris Ponder 《Nicotine & tobacco research》2007,9(2):241-248
Little is known about factors associated with smoking among the unemployed. This study estimated the prevalence of smoking and examined sociodemographic factors associated with current, former, and successful quitting among unemployed adults aged 18-64. Cross-sectional data on 13,480 participants in the 1998-1999 and 2001-2002 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with study outcomes (current vs. never, former vs. current, successful quitter vs. other former smoker). Among the unemployed, 35% were current smokers and 13% were former smokers. Of the former smokers, 81% quit successfully for at least 12 months. Participants with family incomes of less than US$25,000 were more likely than those with incomes of $50,000 or more to currently smoke (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.85-2.46). Service workers and blue-collar workers were less likely than white-collar workers to report former smoking. Participants unemployed for 6 months or more were twice as likely as those unemployed for less than 6 months to quit successfully (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.07-3.95). Unemployed blue-collar workers had a greater odds ratio of successfully quitting than white-collar workers (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.17-2.87). Smoking rates were high among the unemployed, and quitting behaviors varied by sociodemographic factors and length of unemployment. Studies are needed to examine the feasibility of cessation interventions for the unemployed. 相似文献
7.
K Jaton-Ogay S Paris M Huerre M Quadroni R Falchetto G Togni JP Latgé M Monod 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,14(5):917-928
Aspergillus fumigatus secretes a serine alkaline protease (ALP) and a metalloprotease (MEP) when the fungus is cultivated in the presence of collagen as sole nitrogen and carbon source. The gene encoding ALP was isolated and characterized previously. We report here the cloning and the sequencing of the gene encoding MEP. Genomic and cDNA clones were isolated from A. fumigatus libraries using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. Stretches of the deduced amino acid sequence were found to be in agreement with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of MEP and with internal peptide sequences. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme contains a putative active-site sequence HEYTH homologous to the active site of other bacterial and eukaryotic zinc metalloproteases. Sequence analysis reveals that MEP has a pre-proregion consisting of 245 amino acid residues preceding the 388 amino acid residues of the mature region (molecular mass of 42 kDa). An alp mep mutant, deficient in proteolytic activity at neutral pH in vitro, was constructed and tested for pathogenicity in a murine model. No difference in pathogenicity was observed between the wild-type strain and the alp mep double mutant, suggesting that ALP and MEP are not essential for the invasion of the lung tissues by A. fumigatus. 相似文献
8.
G Laroche Y Marois E Schwarz R Guidoin MW King E Paris Y Douville 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,19(11):1190-1199
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) represents an attractive alternative to polypropylene as a monofilament vascular suture because of its satisfactory physicochemical properties, it ease of handling, and its good biocompatibility. However, the polymer's ability to remain mechanically and chemically stable when exposed to a mild hydrolytic environment over the long term has yet to be demonstrated. One in vitro study involved the comparison of the long-term relative resistance of PVDF and polypropylene sutures to hydrolysis for a period of 9 years. The PVDF suture showed major molecular rearrangements from the original ratio of three crystalline structures to the single beta crystalline phase. The observation of some surface oxidation and water inhibition did not significantly modify the tensile strength of the PVDF suture, which retained 92.5% of its original value. In contrast, the polypropylene sample did not undergo any recrystallization but was associated with more oxidation byproducts and more water molecules near the surface, which contributed to a 46.6% loss in initial tensile strength. An in vivo study confirmed that PVDF sutures are biocompatible and are able to maintain satisfactory biostability when used to anastomose thoracic aortic allografts for a period of 6 months in the dog. The cellular reaction of fresh allografts as well as the control autografts to PVDF sutures was minimal. In other allografts that had been preserved in a supplemented medium for 1 week prior to implantation, the PVDF sutures healed satisfactorily with the formation of neocollagen and few macrophages surrounding the monofilament. No evidence of instability at the allograft-host artery junction was observed, confirming that the PVDF sutures were able to ensure a secure anastomosis in the thoracic aorta. PVDF sutures have demonstrated superior long-term biostability in vitro and minimal tissue response in vivo. These are two essential requirements when evaluating the use of a suture for vascular surgery in general and thoracic aortic surgery in particular. 相似文献
9.
Maeve Paris 《Universal Access in the Information Society》2006,4(4):292-299
The provision of accessible websites is a legal requirement under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, which applies throughout Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Equality (disability, etc.) (Northern Ireland) Order 2000. A survey of local e-government websites indicated that few local councils in the devolved administration of Northern Ireland offered websites which were adequately usable by people with a disability, yet most citizen-government transactions occur at the local level. Design for all has obvious commercial benefits, but it has also become a legal obligation, and application of accessible design principles should improve the online experience of all users. 相似文献
10.
This paper addresses the problem of virtual pedestrian autonomous navigation for crowd simulation. It describes a method for solving interactions between pedestrians and avoiding inter-collisions. Our approach is agent-based and predictive: each agent perceives surrounding agents and extrapolates their trajectory in order to react to potential collisions. We aim at obtaining realistic results, thus the proposed model is calibrated from experimental motion capture data. Our method is shown to be valid and solves major drawbacks compared to previous approaches such as oscillations due to a lack of anticipation. We first describe the mathematical representation used in our model, we then detail its implementation, and finally, its calibration and validation from real data. 相似文献