Fluidization of the active component of catalysts in catalytic formation of carbon assisted by iron and nickel carbides

A series of vanadium-tin mixed oxide catalysts have been prepared by the solid-state reaction of V₂O₅ and SnO₂ at 1250°C. The fresh and the used catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). High temperature oxygen chemisorption (HTOC) has been employed to titrate the coordinatively unsaturated vanadia sites. Ammoxidation of mesitylene has been carried out on these catalysts and an optimum composition of vanadium is arrived at. Better yields of tricyanobenzene (TCB) compared to literature values are obtained. A good correlation between the oxygen uptake and the TCB yield extends the applicability of HTOC to the fused oxide system.IICT Communication No. 3507.     

Partial oxidation of ethane by in situ generated H2O2

Selective partial oxidation of ethane to ethanol and acetaldehyde by in situ generated H₂O₂ has been achieved under cathodic current passing through a carbon supported Nafion-H catalytic membrane. A correlation between H₂O₂ generation rate and reaction rate has been found.     

Prospects for application of enzymatic interesterification of oils in the production of modified fats

This review discusses a recent state of research in the field of enzymatic biocatalysis in application for the production of modified food fats. Properties of biocatalysts for enzymatic interesterification both been currently under development and already applied in industry of vegetable oils are discussed. The main directions of research on development of new biocatalysts, including those based on the novel recombinant lipase enzymes, as well as the potential of targeted modifications in the composition of oils by optimization of the catalytic process are covered. The relevant analysis of the enzymatic interesterification of oils shows its potential for development of energy efficient and environmentally friendly processes for production of the high quality food products with the specified characteristics.     

Formic Acid Production Via Methane Peroxide Oxidation Over Oxalic Acid Activated Fe-MFI Catalysts

Topics in Catalysis - The process of synthesis of formic acid via partial peroxide oxidation of methane over Fe-MFI zeolites, as well as the influence of the catalyst activation by oxalic acid on...     

Metals in commercial catalysts: 1. Molybdenum and tungsten

Information on the production and consumption of molybdenum and tungsten in the world and in Russia is provided. The lowering of domestic consumption of these metals in the Russian industry is demonstrated. The use of these metals in catalysts manufacturing in Russia is considered. The assortment of domestic molybdenum- and tungsten-containing catalysts is discussed, and their consumption is estimated. The current demand for molybdenum and tungsten in catalyst manufacturing is small because of the high impact of imported catalysts and low level in the development of chemical catalytic processes. Certain applications of molybdenum- and tungsten-containing catalysts are considered. It is shown that the consumption of molybdenum and tungsten in the manufacturing of high-added value products (catalysts) may grow at the expense of the replacement of imported catalysts by competitive domestic molybdenum- and tungsten-containing catalysts and their use in new processes.     

Changes in the composition of humic substances depending on the depth of peat occurrence

The fractional group composition of humic substances and the chemical structure of humic acids isolated from peats of different genesis from different depths of occurrence in peat deposits with the use of two extractants (0.1 N NaOH and 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ at pH 7) were studied. Peat from the upper aerated layer of the peat deposits contained more humic substances than peat from the deep layer, which occurred under anaerobic conditions, due to the pyrophosphate fraction of humic acids and fulvic acids. The humic acids of peat isolated from the deep layers of deposits had smaller molecular weights, and they were characterized by lower concentrations of carbohydrate and saturated hydrocarbon fragments and an increased contribution of aromatic polyconjugation systems, as compared with the humic acids of a surface layer.