机械-射流破岩耦合特性研究

在现代旋转钻井破碎井底岩石中仍是以机械破岩为主，理论与实践证明，射流辅助破岩是提高钻井破岩效率的重要途径，但它们的耦合特性研究极少。文章基于渗流场与应力场的耦合理论分析，进行了机械与射流破岩耦合特性的实验研究。结果表明：射流压力和水楔作用对岩石渗流场、应力场具有重要作用，耦合作用比非耦合作用的破岩效率有较大幅度的提高。在实验条件下，砂岩的耦合作用提高破岩效率40％左右，灰岩的耦合作用提高破岩效率20％左右。     

Controllable Fabrication of Co3−xMnxO4 with Tunable External Co3+/Co2+ Ratio for Promoted Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Co_3?xMn_xO₄ is a bimetal oxide with excellent electrochemical activity in alkaline solution, has been regarded as a promising alternative in the field of ion-air batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Herein, we report a simple solvothermal-calcination method to fabricate Co_3?xMn_xO₄ with tunable external Co³⁺/Co²⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ ratio. The tunable ratio of element valence in the bimetal results in a higher exposure of active center for oxygen redox reaction (ORR), and thus lead to a better ORR activity, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations and electrochemical measurements. Specially, Co_1.8Mn_1.2O₄ with a Co³⁺/Co²⁺ ratio of 2.08 showed an overpotential of 0.37 V at benchmark ORR current density of 3 mA/cm² in 0.1 M KOH, which is lower than that of pure oxide (Mn₃O₄ 0.53 V and Co3O4 0.56 V). In addition, the as prepared Co_1.8Mn_1.2O₄ exhibited a positive half-wave potential (0.83 V vs RHE) due to their more active sites, promotes charge transfer, adsorption and desorption of oxygen species. This work provides a strategy for the design and fabrication of earth-abundant, low-cost electrocatalysts for PEMFC in practical applications.

Graphic Abstract

Co_3?xMn_xO₄ was fabricated by tuning external Co³⁺/Co²⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ ratio, and the activity initially shows a positive correlation with the ration of Co³⁺/Co²⁺ in Co_3?xMn_xO₄.

     

Preparation of a hydrophobically enhanced antifouling isotactic polypropylene/silicone dioxide flat‐sheet membrane via thermally induced phase separation for vacuum membrane distillation

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) hydrophobic flat‐sheet membranes were fabricated for use in vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) through a thermally induced phase‐separation process with dispersing hydrophobically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles in the casting solution to achieve a higher hydrophobicity and to sustain a stable flux in VMD. The contact angle (CA) measurements indicated that the incorporation of nano‐SiO₂ into a casting solution mixture containing 20 wt % iPP had a 20.9% higher CA relative to that of SiO₂‐free membranes. The addition of nano‐SiO₂ also induced morphological changes in the membrane structure, including changes in the pore size distribution, porosity, and suppression of macrovoids. The pore size distribution of the iPP–SiO₂ membranes became narrower compared with that of the SiO₂‐free membranes, and the porosity also improved from 35.45 to 59.75% with SiO₂ addition. The average pore size and maximum pore size of the iPP–SiO₂ membranes both decreased. The ability of the membranes to concentrate an astragalus aqueous solution (a type of traditional Chinese medicine) with VMD was investigated. The surface hydrophobicity and antifouling performance of the iPP–SiO₂ membranes improved with nano‐SiO₂ addition to the membrane casting solution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42615.     

施工降水中的涌水量计算

本文以势函数来表达地下水渗流场内的水头压力变化,推出无压群井涌水量计算公式及相应的简化计算方法。渗透系数和抽水影响半径可以现场扬水试验求得。     

综合蓄热法在混凝土工程施工中的推广应用

从实用角度出发，论述了混凝土冬期施工综合蓄热法的基本原理，工艺程序，外加剂配方选择和热工计算。为综合蓄热法的推广应用了理论和方法依据。     

基于它激振荡增大水力能量的理论研究

水力它激振荡是利用钻井环空流体作为它激源来增大井底水力能量。对水力它激的作用方式、扰动波特性、激励条件和共振腔内流体流动特性理论模型进行了较全面的理论分析。结果表明,k—ε方程的非线性模型能够很好地描述水力它激共振腔的紊流流动特性。理论模拟结果与实验结果十分吻合,它激振荡比自激振荡平均增大水力能量20%左右,瞬时能量增大1倍多。     

螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学分析Fluent软件对螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性进行数值模拟,得到气膜流动场的压力分布、泄漏量、气膜开启力等特性参数;模拟数据与试验数据进行比较,并分析两者存在误差的原因。结果表明,随着转速、介质压力的增大,螺旋槽干气密封气膜压力、开启力、泄漏量也增大;该模拟方法的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于螺旋槽干气密封的优化设计。     

Effect of nonsolvent additives on PES ultrafiltration membrane pore structure

Different nonsolvent additives, namely, diethylene glycol, n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, were added into the casting solution (polyethersulfone/dimethylformamide/lithium chloride) to prepare ultrafiltration (UF) membrane via phase inversion. The effects of different additives and their concentration on the pore structure of the prepared UF membrane were studied. The cross-sectional morphology of the membrane was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The addition of nonsolvent additives improved the large-cavity structure of the membrane. When the additive was low-content NBA (1–3 wt %), the membrane pore structure transformed from large-cavity structure to fully sponge-like structure. When the content of additive NBA was 3 wt %, the flux of the prepared UF membrane was 130.45 L (m⁻² h⁻¹), the rejection of PEG20000 was 95.54% and the flux remained high at 4 bar in long-term stability test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47525.     

安钢100t电弧炉物料平衡及炉料结构的优化

介绍了安钢100t电弧炉物料平衡及炉料结构的优化及效果,经过优化炉料配置后,有效的降低了电炉电耗,缩短了冶炼周期。     

减压膜蒸馏浓缩盐水溶液的研究现状

减压膜蒸馏技术是一种新型膜分离技术,在许多领域中呈现出明显优势。综述了减压膜蒸馏技术浓缩盐水溶液的研究现状,分析了影响分离性能的相关因素以及该技术在处理浓盐水中的应用效果,指出了减压膜蒸馏技术浓缩盐水溶液的应用前景。