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1.
The effects of a forming atmosphere on the stability, the sintering and the dielectric properties of Ba5Nb4O15, BaNb2O6, ZnNb2O6 and Zn3Nb2O8 ceramics were investigated, because of the primary importance of the sintering atmosphere in relation to copper sintering. These Nb-based materials were sintered in air and in Ar/H210%. Zn-containing samples are very sensitive to the reductive atmosphere. ZnO volatilises at 800–850 °C and the resulting compound does not exhibit the expected properties. BaNb2O6 and Ba5Nb4O15 are more stable in term of relative weight loss. Nevertheless, the phase analysis reveals a modification of the BaNb2O6 phase, what induces the degradation of the dielectric property stability versus temperature. The properties of Ba5Nb4O15 are not modified by a sintering in reductive atmosphere. A relative permittivity of 38.8, a permittivity temperature coefficient of −150 ppm °C−1 and an insulating resistivity of 1010.9 Ω cm were obtained for this latter. 相似文献
2.
Male and female weanling rats that were born to dams fed a diet low in linolenic acid received diets of 15% lipids by weight
containing 45% elaidic acid (as trielaidin) and 8.5% or 0.1% linolenic acid for 10 weeks. Four other groups, in which palmitic
or oleic acid replaced elaidic acid in the diet, served as controls. The fatty acid profiles of several lipid classes were
determined in adipose tissue, adrenals, testes, heart and brain. Elaidic acid was incorporated into tissue lipids in varying
degrees, depending on the organ and on the lipid class. Feeding elaidic acid induced no changes in the polyunsaturated fatty
acid (PUFA) profiles of testes lipids but resulted in definite modifications of the PUFA patterns of heart phosphatidylcholine
(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In linolenic acid-deprived rats, arachidonic acid was decreased in PC and linoleic
acid was increased in both PC and PE; 22∶5n−6 was strongly depressed in both PC and PE. In linolenic acid-fed rats, 22∶6n−3
was decreased in PC and PE. These changes, on the whole, were more evident in females, and some also were observed in adrenal
cholesteryl esters but only slightly in brain phospholipids. the apparent inhibition of the biosynthesis of PUFA induced by
dietary elaidic acid appeared to be complex and of greater intensity in the n−6 fatty acid series than in their n−3 homologues. 相似文献
3.
(Zn0.65Mg0.35)TiO3–xCaTiO3-based dielectric ceramics sintered at low temperature thanks to ZnO–B2O3 glass phase addition are investigated. The effects of such additions on the dilatometric curves, the microstructure, the phase composition and the dielectric properties have been carefully examined. It is shown that the sintering temperature is significantly lowered to 930 °C by the addition of 2 wt.% of ZnO–B2O3 glass phase. The temperature coefficient of permittivity (τ?) could be controlled by varying the CaTiO3 content and lead to near zero τ? value. As an optimal composition, (Zn0.65Mg0.35)TiO3 + 7%CaTiO3, co-sinterable with silver electrodes at 930 °C, exhibits at 1 MHz, a relative permittivity of ?r = 21, a temperature coefficient of the permittivity τ? of ?4 ppm/°C and low dielectric losses (tan(δ) < 10?3). These interesting properties make this system promising to manufacture Ag-based electrodes multilayer dielectric devices. 相似文献
4.
This work describes a one-step separation of rat tissue phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
using a silica column and a new light-scattering detector (LSD). Complete separation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine
was obtained. Direct quantification was achieved after detector calibration for each phospholipid class. The detector response
was shown to be linear within the ranges used. The LSD results agreed well with those obtained by phospholipid phosphorus
assay. The present method was applied to rat heart and rat liver phospholipid analysis. 相似文献
5.
The complex perovskite oxide Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) has been studied for its attractive dielectric properties which place this material interesting for applications as multilayer ceramics capacitors or hyperfrequency resonators. This material is sinterable at low temperature with combined glass phase–lithium salt additions, and exhibits, at 1 MHz very low dielectric losses combined with relatively high dielectric constant and a good stability of this later versus temperature. The 2 wt.% of ZnO–SiO2–B2O3 glass phase and 1 wt.% of LiF-added BZN sample sintered at 900 °C exhibits a relative density higher than 95% and attractive dielectric properties: a dielectric constant ?r of 39, low dielectrics losses (tan(δ) < 10−3) and a temperature coefficient of permittivity τ? of 45 ppm/°C−1. The 2 wt.% ZnO–SiO2–B2O3 glass phase and 1 wt.% of B2O3-added BZN sintered at 930 °C exhibits also attractive dielectric properties (?r = 38, tan(δ) < 10−3) and it is more interesting in terms of temperature coefficient of the permittivity (τ? = −5 ppm/°C). Their good dielectric properties and their compatibility with Ag electrodes, make these ceramics suitable for L.T.C.C applications. 相似文献
6.
Regional and global integration initiatives push for more electricity sector integration everywhere in the world, including West Africa. The creation of the West African Power Pool (WAPP) in 2000 and important investments under this new structure in 2006 are concrete actions that will result in a more integrated West African electricity sector. But will this integrated sector be more functional than the previous ones? Will the identified electricity sector problems be solved with the new power pool? This paper analyzes how power sector integration is presented by international institutions (the UN Economic Commission for Africa, World Energy Council and World Bank) and identifies three problematic issues with the current integration approach: lack of African ownership, unclear and conflicting reform objectives and uncertainty of integration outcomes. 相似文献
7.
Chossegros L Hours M Charnay P Bernard M Fort E Boisson D Sancho PO Yao SN Laumon B 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2011,43(1):471-477
Background
This study sets out to identify risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a road traffic accident with a view to improving prevention.Methods
The study used a prospective cohort of road traffic accident casualties. All subjects over 15 years of age were recruited in the course of an interview conducted while they were receiving care in a hospital of the Rhône area administrative département. Six months after their accident, they answered a self-administered postal questionnaire that included the Post-traumatic Check-List Scale (PCLS) in order to evaluate PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare those subjects with a PCLS score of 44 or over with those with a lower score, in order to identify factors that might be associated with PTSD.Results
592 subjects (out of 1168) returned the 6-month questionnaire and 541 completed the PCLS test. One hundred subjects had a PCLS score ≥44, suggesting PTSD, and 441 subjects did not. The factors associated with PTSD were initial injury severity, post-traumatic amnesia, the feeling of not being responsible for their accident and persistent pain 6 months after it. A lower odds-ratio was associated with users of two-wheel than four-wheel motor vehicles (OR = 0.4; 0.2–0.9).Conclusion
Besides predictive factors for PTSD (injury severity, post-traumatic amnesia and the feeling of not being responsible for their accident), our study suggested a reduced risk of PTSD among two-wheel motor vehicle users. 相似文献8.
Mourad Ben Amor Pascal Lesage Pierre-Olivier Pineau Réjean Samson 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2010,14(9):2885-2895
Renewable distributed electricity generation can play a significant role in meeting today's energy policy goals, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy security, while adding supply to meet increasing energy demand. However, the exact potential benefits are still a matter of debate. The objective of this study is to evaluate the life cycle implications (environmental, economic and energy) of distributed generation (DG) technologies. A complementary objective is to compare the life cycle implications of DG technologies with the centralized electricity production representing the Northeastern American context. Environmental and energy implications are modeled according to the recommendations in the ISO 14040 standard and this, using different indicators: Human Health; Ecosystem Quality; Climate Change; Resources and Non-Renewable Energy Payback Ratio. Distinctly, economic implications are modeled using conventional life cycle costing. DG technologies include two types of grid-connected photovoltaic panels (3 kWp mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline) and three types of micro-wind turbines (1, 10 and 30 kW) modeled for average, below average and above average climatic conditions in the province of Quebec (Canada). A sensitivity analysis was also performed using different scenarios of centralized energy systems based on average and marginal (short- and long-term) technology approaches. Results show the following. First, climatic conditions (i.e., geographic location) have a significant effect on the results for the environmental, economic and energy indicators. More specifically, it was shown that the 30 kW micro-wind turbine is the best technology for above average conditions, while 3 kWp poly-crystalline photovoltaic panels are preferable for below average conditions. Second, the assessed DG technologies do not show benefits in comparison to the centralized Quebec grid mix (average technology approach). On the other hand, the 30 kW micro-wind turbine shows a potential benefit as long as the Northeastern American electricity market is considered (i.e., oil and coal centralized technologies are affected for the short- and long-term marginal scenarios, respectively). Photovoltaic panels could also become more competitive if the acquisition cost decreased. In conclusion, DG utilization will represent an improvement over centralized electricity production in a Northeastern American context, with respect to the environmental, energy and economic indicators assessed, and under the appropriate conditions discussed (i.e., geographical locations and affected centralized electricity production scenarios). 相似文献
9.
Eva Ogire Olivier Diaz Pierre-Olivier Vidalain Vincent Lotteau Philippe Desprs Marjolaine Roche 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
La Reunion island in the South West Indian Ocean is now endemic for dengue following the introduction of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) cosmopolitan-I genotype in 2017. DENV-2 infection causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from flu-like disease to severe dengue. The nonstructural glycoprotein 1 (NS1) has been identified as playing a key role in dengue disease severity. The intracellular NS1 exists as a homodimer, whereas a fraction is driven towards the plasma membrane or released as a soluble hexameric protein. Here, we characterized the NS1 glycoproteins from clinical isolates DES-14 and RUN-18 that were collected during the DENV-2 epidemics in Tanzania in 2014 and La Reunion island in 2018, respectively. In relation to hepatotropism of the DENV, expression of recombinant DES-14 NS1 and RUN-18 NS1 glycoproteins was compared in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. We observed that RUN-18 NS1 was poorly stable in Huh7 cells compared to DES-14 NS1. The instability of RUN-18 NS1 leading to a low level of NS1 secretion mostly relates to lysine residues on positions 272 and 324. Our data raise the issue of the consequences of a defect in NS1 stability in human hepatocytes in relation to the major role of NS1 in the pathogenesis of the DENV-2 infection. 相似文献
10.