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1.
Ponnusamy Nandha Kumar Shangavi Subramanian Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi Sanjeevi Kannan 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(6):3528-3540
Structurally stable β-Ca3(PO4)2/t-ZrO2 composite mixtures with the aid of Dy3+ stabilizer were accomplished at 1500°C. The precursors comprising Ca2+, P5+, Zr4+, and Dy3+ have been varied to obtain five different combinations. The results revealed the fact that complete phase transformation of calcium-deficient apatite to β-Ca3(PO4)2 occurred only at 1300°C, whereas the evidence of t-ZrO2 crystallization is obvious at 900°C. The dual occupancy of Dy3+ at β-Ca3(PO4)2 and t-ZrO2 structures was evident; however, Dy3+ initially prefers to occupy β-Ca3(PO4)2 lattice until its saturation limit and thereafter accommodates at the lattice site of ZrO2. The typical absorption and emission behavior of Dy3+ were noticed in all the systems and, moreover, the surrounding symmetry of Dy3+ domains has been determined from the luminescence study. All the systems ensured paramagnetic response that is generally contributed by the presence of Dy3+. A gradual increment in the phase content of t-ZrO2 in the composite mixtures ensured a significant improvement in the hardness and Young's modulus of the investigated compositions. 相似文献
2.
Ramanujam J. Jinpyo Hong Kandemir M. Narayan A. Agarwal A. 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2006,54(1):286-294
Most embedded systems have limited amount of memory. In contrast, the memory requirements of the digital signal processing (DSP) and video processing codes (in nested loops, in particular) running on embedded systems is significant. This paper addresses the problem of estimating and reducing the amount of memory needed for transfers of data in embedded systems. First, the problem of estimating the region associated with a statement or the set of elements referenced by a statement during the execution of nested loops is analyzed. For a fixed execution ordering, a quantitative analysis of the number of elements referenced is presented; exact expressions for uniformly generated references and a close upper and lower bound for nonuniformly generated references are derived. Second, in addition to presenting an algorithm that computes the total memory required, this paper also discusses the effect of transformations (that change the execution ordering) on the lifetimes of array variables, i.e., the time between the first and last accesses to a given array location. The term maximum window size is introduced, and quantitative expressions are derived to compute the maximum window size. A detailed analysis of the effect of unimodular transformations on data locality, including the calculation of the maximum window size, is presented. 相似文献
3.
Kannan Srinivasagam 《电子设计技术》2004,11(2):112-112,114
数据通信和便携式系统成为当今SRAM的重要应用领域.某些SRAM由于能够提供实现较高带宽所需的性能(比如在网络系统中)或维持较长电池使用寿命所需的低功耗(比如在便携式设备中)而在许多应用中起着主导作用. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, we present a method for blind separation of co-channel BPSK signals arriving at an antenna array. This method consists of two parts: the maximum likelihood constellation estimation and assignment. We show that at high SNR, the maximum likelihood constellation estimation is well approximated by the smallest distance clustering algorithm, which we proposed earlier on heuristic grounds. We observe that both these methods for estimating the constellation vectors perform very well at high SNR and nearly attain Cramer-Rao bounds. Using this fact and noting that the assignment algorithm causes negligible error at high SNR, we derive upper bounds on the probability of bit error for the above method at high SNR. These upper bounds fall very rapidly with increasing SNR, showing that our constellation estimation-assignment approach is very efficient. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the bounds 相似文献
5.
M. D. Kannan Sa. K. Narayandass C. Balasubramanian D. Mangalaraj 《Journal of Materials Science》1992,27(18):5040-5044
Aluminium-neodymium oxide-aluminium thin film capacitors have been prepared by thermal evaporation and the d.c. conduction properties of these films have been studied. The thicknesses of the films have been determined by a multiple beam interferometer. The current-voltage power-law dependence showed that the conduction in these films is space-charge limited. The linear dependence of the current density on the square root of the applied field confirmed the exponential trap distribution. The trap density has been found to be of the order of 1026 m–3. It has also been observed that the Schottky type of conduction is predominant in the high-field region and the height of the Schottky barrier has been determined. It is seen that the conduction mechanism is an activated process with the activation energy decreasing with increasing field. 相似文献
6.
This paper presents an adaptive Hopfield neural network (AHNN) based methodology, where the slope of the activation function is adjusted, for finding approximate Pareto solutions for the multi-objective optimization problem of emission and economic load dispatch (EELD). We have placed emphasis on finding solutions quickly, rather than the global Pareto solutions, so that our algorithm can be employed in large on-line power systems where variations in load are quite frequent. To enable faster convergence, adaptive learning rates have been developed by using energy function and applied to the slope adjustment method. The proposed algorithm has been tested on selected IEEE bus benchmark systems. The convergence of AHNN is found to be nearly 50% faster than the non-adaptive version. 相似文献
7.
Richards-Kortum R. Mahadevan-Jansen A. Ramanujam N. 《Circuits and Devices Magazine, IEEE》1996,12(4):34-40
A novel non-invasive technique for detecting cancer and precancer offers a viable adjunct to biopsies. Here, we summarize the principles of optical spectroscopy and present some of the highlights obtained with the successful application of fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy for cancer and precancer detection 相似文献
8.
Ramanujam J. Sadayappan P. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》1991,2(4):472-482
A solution to the problem of partitioning data for distributed memory machines is discussed. The solution uses a matrix notation to describe array accesses in fully parallel loops, which allows the derivation of sufficient conditions for communication-free partitioning (decomposition) of arrays. A series of examples that illustrate the effectiveness of the technique for linear references, the use of loop transformations in deriving the necessary data decompositions, and a formulation that aids in deriving heuristics for minimizing a communication when communication-free partitions are not feasible are presented 相似文献
9.
A family of energy/economic/environmental (E3) models is presented as a mechanism for analysing national policy issues. The family consists of discrete models which are designed to be run in an integrated manner. The outputs of certain models provide the inputs to the next. This structure allows the analyst to readily incorporate an understanding of regional factors such as local energy prices, concerns over air quality, water availability, or attitudes towards construction of new energy facilities, into national assessments of energy policies. This paper reviews the analytic framework within which energy policy issues are currently addressed. The initial family of E3 models is described with the emphasis on the data linkages and feedback which are provided when these models are run sequentially. The ongoing MITRE research programme with the E3 family of models is presented and plans and opportunities for future work are outlined. 相似文献
10.