全文获取类型
收费全文 | 87279篇 |
免费 | 1209篇 |
国内免费 | 433篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 831篇 |
综合类 | 2324篇 |
化学工业 | 12335篇 |
金属工艺 | 4884篇 |
机械仪表 | 3120篇 |
建筑科学 | 2285篇 |
矿业工程 | 569篇 |
能源动力 | 1591篇 |
轻工业 | 3930篇 |
水利工程 | 1300篇 |
石油天然气 | 412篇 |
无线电 | 9538篇 |
一般工业技术 | 16918篇 |
冶金工业 | 2786篇 |
原子能技术 | 275篇 |
自动化技术 | 25823篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 195篇 |
2021年 | 246篇 |
2020年 | 181篇 |
2019年 | 178篇 |
2018年 | 14635篇 |
2017年 | 13508篇 |
2016年 | 10127篇 |
2015年 | 745篇 |
2014年 | 433篇 |
2013年 | 561篇 |
2012年 | 3348篇 |
2011年 | 9626篇 |
2010年 | 8433篇 |
2009年 | 5713篇 |
2008年 | 6870篇 |
2007年 | 7870篇 |
2006年 | 208篇 |
2005年 | 1267篇 |
2004年 | 1187篇 |
2003年 | 1236篇 |
2002年 | 580篇 |
2001年 | 127篇 |
2000年 | 205篇 |
1999年 | 86篇 |
1998年 | 100篇 |
1997年 | 61篇 |
1996年 | 76篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1969年 | 25篇 |
1968年 | 44篇 |
1967年 | 33篇 |
1966年 | 43篇 |
1965年 | 45篇 |
1963年 | 28篇 |
1962年 | 22篇 |
1960年 | 30篇 |
1959年 | 35篇 |
1958年 | 37篇 |
1957年 | 36篇 |
1956年 | 34篇 |
1955年 | 63篇 |
1954年 | 68篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Muhammad Yazid Samatra Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali Jamilah Bakar Sharifudin Md. Shaarani 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(4):3153-3176
Gelatin is one of the most important multifunctional biopolymers and is widely used as an essential ingredient in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Porcine gelatin is regarded as the leading source of gelatin globally then followed by bovine gelatin. Porcine sources are favored over other sources since they are less expensive. However, porcine gelatin is religiously prohibited to be consumed by Muslims and the Jewish community. It is predicted that the global demand for gelatin will increase significantly in the future. Therefore, a sustainable source of gelatin with efficient production and free of disease transmission must be developed. The highest quality of Bovidae-based gelatin (BG) was acquired through alkaline pretreatment, which displayed excellent physicochemical and rheological properties. The utilization of mammalian- and plant-based enzyme significantly increased the gelatin yield. The emulsifying and foaming properties of BG also showed good stability when incorporated into food and pharmaceutical products. Manipulation of extraction conditions has enabled the development of custom-made gelatin with desired properties. This review highlighted the various modifications of extraction and processing methods to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of Bovidae-based gelatin. An in-depth analysis of the crucial stage of collagen breakdown is also discussed, which involved acid, alkaline, and enzyme pretreatment, respectively. In addition, the unique characteristics and primary qualities of BG including protein content, amphoteric property, gel strength, emulsifying and viscosity properties, and foaming ability were presented. Finally, the applications and prospects of BG as the preferred gelatin source globally were outlined. 相似文献
2.
3.
Effect of gums on viability and β‐galactosidase activity of Lactobacillus spp. in milk drink during refrigerated storage 下载免费PDF全文
Bernice D. Karlton‐Senaye Reza Tahergorabi Valerie L. Giddings Salam A. Ibrahim 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(1):32-40
The viability and β‐galactosidase activity of four Lactobacillus strains in milk drink containing gums during 28 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C were assessed. The population of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB101 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB103 were maintained, whereas the population of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016 and Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 significantly decreased. The recommended level of 6 log CFU g?1 was exceeded for all tested trains throughout storage. The highest viable number of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB103 (8.76 ± 0.03 log CFU mL?1) was obtained in the product containing carrageenan–maltodextrin. The addition of guar–locust bean–carrageenan led to 20‐fold increase in the level of β‐galactosidase activity for L. rhamnosus GGB101 (1208 ± 2.12 Miller units mL?1) compared to the control (61 ± 2.83 Miller units mL?1). Our results suggested that gums could be added to milk to improve viability and enhance β‐galactosidase activity of Lactobacillus. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Mohamed A.El-Nemr Ibrahim M.A.Ismail Nabil M.Abdelmonem Ahmed El Nemr Safaa Ragab 《中国化学工程学报》2021,36(8):199-222
Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction. 相似文献
7.
Silicon - Following our interest in exotic silylenes, here we compare and contrast 20 novel five-membered cyclic silylenes, including saturated (sila)0–4 cyclopentasilylenes (1–10) and... 相似文献
8.
9.
Mohamad A.A. Attia Roberto Orrù Francesco Delogu Selena Montinaro Sebastiano Garroni Emad M.M. Ewais Giacomo Cao 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(5):1453-1459
The effects produced by annealing Y2O3 nanopowders on their spark plasma sintering (SPS) behavior are systematically investigated in this work. It is found that the annealed powders display higher sinterability with respect to the as‐received ones. Indeed, the maximum densification level reached from pristine powders is about 97.5%, whereas density decreases when further increasing either the sintering temperature or the dwell time. In contrast, the density of SPS products obtained from pretreated powder monotonically increases with temperature and processing time, thus leading to fully dense materials in 30 min at 1050°C and 60 MPa. Correspondingly, it is found that the annealing treatment markedly inhibits grain coarsening during SPS. Thus, dense translucent samples with grain size below 100 nm can be attained from annealed powders. On the other hand, white‐opaque specimens with significantly coarser microstructures (up to 1‐μm‐sized grains) are obtained when pristine powders are directly processed under the same sintering conditions. Furthermore, it is observed that the annealing treatment of SPS samples in air allows for graphite contamination removal, whereas no improvement in term of light transmittance is produced. 相似文献
10.
Mobile software applications have to cope with a particular environment that involves small size, limited resources, high autonomy requirements, competitive business models and many other challenges. To provide development guidelines that respond to these needs, several practices have been introduced; however, it is not clear how these guidelines may contribute to solve the issues present in the mobile domain. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of the mobile ecosystem challenges many of the premises upon which the proposed practices were designed. In this paper, we present a survey of the literature on software assurance practices for mobile applications, with the objective of describing them and assessing their contribution and success. We identified, organized and reviewed a body of research that spans in three levels: software development processes, software product assurance practices, and software implementation practices. By carrying out this literature survey, we reviewed the different approaches that researchers on Software Engineering have provided to address the needs that raise in the mobile software development arena. Moreover, we review the evolution of these practices, identifying how the constant changes and modernization of the mobile execution environment has impacted the methods proposed in the literature. Finally, we introduced discussion on the application of these practices in a real productive setting, opening an area for further research that may determine if practitioners have followed the proposed assurance paradigms. 相似文献