Realization of a temperature sensor using both two- and three-dimensional photonic structures through a machine learning technique

A temperature sensor based on photonic crystal structures with two- and three-dimensional geometries is proposed, and its measurement performance is estimated using a machine learning technique. The temperature characteristics of the photonic crystal structures are studied by mathematical modeling. The physics of the structure is investigated based on the effective electrical permittivity of the substrate (silicon) and column (air) materials for a signal at 1200 nm, whereas the mathematical principle of its operation is studied using the plane-wave expansion method. Moreover, the intrinsic characteristics are investigated based on the absorption and reflection losses as frequently considered for such photonic structures. The output signal (transmitted energy) passing through the structures determines the magnitude of the corresponding temperature variation. Furthermore, the numerical interpretation indicates that the output signal varies nonlinearly with temperature for both the two- and three-dimensional photonic structures. The relation between the transmitted energy and the temperature is found through polynomial-regression-based machine learning techniques. Moreover, rigorous mathematical computations indicate that a second-order polynomial regression could be an appropriate candidate to establish this relation. Polynomial regression is implemented using the Numpy and Scikit-learn library on the Google Colab platform.

     

A semantic framework for automatic generation of computational workflows using distributed data and component catalogues

Computational workflows are a powerful paradigm to represent and manage complex applications, particularly in large-scale distributed scientific data analysis. Workflows represent application components that result in individual computations as well as their interdependences in terms of dataflow. Workflow systems use these representations to manage various aspects of workflow creation and execution for users, such as the automatic assignment of execution resources. This article describes an approach to automating a new aspect of the process: the selection of application components and data sources. We present a novel approach that enables users to specify varying degrees of detail and amount of constraints in a workflow request, including the specification of constraints on input, intermediate or output data in the workflow, abstract workflow component classes rather than specific component implementations, and generic reusable workflow templates that express a pre-defined combination of components. The algorithm elaborates the user request into a set of fully ground workflows with specific choices of data sources and codes to be used so that they can be submitted for mapping and execution. The algorithm searches through the space of possible candidate workflows by creating increasingly more specialized versions of the original template and eliminating candidates that violate constraints cumulated in the candidate workflow as components and data sources are selected. A novel feature of our approach is that it assumes a distributed architecture where data and component catalogues are separate from the workflow system. The algorithm explicitly poses queries to external catalogues, and therefore any reasoning regarding data or component properties is not assumed to occur within the workflow system. We describe our implementation of this approach in the Wings workflow system. This implementation uses the W3C Web Ontology Language and associated reasoners to implement the workflow system as well as the data and component catalogues. This research demonstrates the use of artificial intelligence techniques to support the kinds of automation envisioned by the scientific community for large-scale distributed scientific data analysis.     

3D geometry reconstruction from orthographic views: A method based on 3D image processing and data fitting

Industrial esthetic designers typically produce hand-drawn sketches in the form of orthographic projections. A subsequent translation from 2D-drawings to 3D-models is usually necessary. This involves a considerably time consuming process, so that some automation is advisable.     

Extragenital donovanosis of the foot

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) usually includes mirror-image dextrocardia. The incidence of congenital heart disease in KS is comparable with that in the general population. This paper reports on a case of Kartagener's syndrome associated with dextrocardia, corrected transposition of the great arteries (I,D,D), ventricular septal defect, and valvar pulmonary stenosis in an 8-year-old girl.     

Reversible,repeatable and low phase transition behaviour of spin coated nanostructured vanadium oxide thin films with superior mechanical properties

Smooth, uniform and crystalline vanadium oxide thin films were deposited on quartz by spin coating technique with four different rpm i.e., 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 and subsequently post annealed at 350, 450 and 550?°C in vacuum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were utilized for microstructural characterizations and phase analysis, respectively, for vanadium oxide powder and deposited film. Nanorods were observed to be grown after vacuum annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was utilized to study the elemental oxidation state of deposited vanadium oxide films. Thermo-optical and electrical properties such as solar transmittance (τ_s), reflectance (ρ_s), absorptance (α_s), infrared (IR) emittance (ε_ir) and sheet resistance (R_s) of different thin films were evaluated. Based on the optical characteristics the optimized condition of the film processing was identified to be spin coated at 3000?rpm. Subsequently, the nanoindentation technique was utilized to measure hardness and Young's modulus of the optimized film. The measured nanomechanical properties were found to be superior to those reported for sputtered vanadium oxide films. Finally, temperature dependent phase transition characteristics of optimized vanadium oxide films were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Reversible and repeatable phase transition was found to occur in the range of 44–48?°C which was significantly lower than the phase transition temperature (i.e., 68?°C) of bulk VO₂.     

Synthesis and characterization of soluble narrow band gap conducting polymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and propylenedioxythiophenes

A series of novel electro-active conjugated polymers containing 2,5-dialkyl-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-diones (DPPs) and 3,4-dihydro-3,3-dialkyl-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepines (dialkyl-ProDOTs) were synthesized using Stille coupling reaction in presence of CuO. The molecular weights of the synthesized polymers were found to be in the range of 18,000–45,000. Incorporation of the electron deficient DPP units and the electron rich dialkyl-ProDOT units in the conjugated backbone leads to low band gap polymers. All the polymers were found to be highly soluble in most chlorinated organic solvents as well THF and toluene with excellent film forming properties. From the UV–vis spectra, the band gap of the polymers was determined as 1.40–1.42 eV which is lower than the poly(dialkylProDOT)s. From the electrochemical study, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of the synthesized polymers were found to be in the range of 5.54–5.51 eV. Because of such high HOMO level, the resulting polymers were found to be more oxidatively stable. Polymers are thermally stable till 325–346 °C with only 5% weight loss which was confirmed from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymers were found to be moderately conducting with maximum conductivity up to 0.2–6.0 S/cm.     

Ferroelectric Properties of Tungsten Bronze Morphotropic Phase Bounary Systems

Tungsten bronze ferroelectrics which have a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) can have a number of enhanced dielectric, piezoelectric, and electrooptic properties compared to more conventional ferroelectric materials. The structural and ferroelectric properties of several MPB bronze systems are presented, including data from sintered and hot-pressed ceramics, epitaxial thin films, and bulk single crystals. Included among these are three systems which had not been previously identified as morphotropic. The potential advantages and limitations of these MPB systems are discussed, along with considerations of the appropriate growth methods for their possible utilization in optical, piezoelectric, or pyroelectric device applications.     

Investigations on Buckling Behaviour of Laminated Curved Composite Stiffened Panels

In Industrial applications structural efficiency is primary concern, this brings about the need of strong and lightweight materials. Due to their high specific strength, fibre reinforced polymers find wide application in these areas. Panels made of composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures, automobile, civil, marine and biomedical industries because of their good mechanical properties, impact resistance, excellent damage tolerance and also low fabrication cost. In this Paper, buckling and post-buckling analysis was performed on composite stiffened panel to obtain the critical load and modes of failures, with different parameters like ply-orientation, different composite materials, and stiffeners and by changing the number of stiffeners was derived. To analyze the post buckling behaviour of composite stiffened panels the nonlinear finite element analysis is employed and substantial investigations are undertaken using finite element (FE) model. Effect of critical parameters on buckling behaviour is studied and parametric studies were conducted with analytical tool to understand the structural behaviour in the post buckling range.