The Intellectual Development of Science and Engineering Students. Part 2: Teaching to Promote Growth

As college students experience the challenges of their classes and extracurricular activities, they undergo a developmental progression in which they gradually relinquish their belief in the certainty of knowledge and the omniscience of authorities and take increasing responsibility for their own learning. At the highest developmental level normally seen in college students (which few attain before graduation), they display attitudes and thinking patterns resembling those of expert scientists and engineers, including habitually and skillfully gathering and analyzing evidence to support their judgments. This paper proposes an instructional model designed to provide a suitable balance of challenge and support to advance students to that level. The model components are (1) variety and choice of learning tasks; (2) explicit communication and explanation of expectations; (3) modeling, practice, and constructive feedback on high‐level tasks; (4) a student‐centered instructional environment; and (5) respect for students at all levels of development.     

Some scientist-practitioners do.

Comments on the argument of L. T. Hoshmand and D. E. Polkinghorn (see record 1992-21300-001) that psychological practice should inform science to the same degree that science informs practice. Based on a survey of 121 faculty members in programs accredited by the American Psychological Association, 65% reported practice activity. The authors agree that the problem involves a much more complex integrative task that goes beyond simply recognizing knowledge gained in practice settings as valid. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Healing the psyche through music, myth, and ritual.

According to Carl Jung, a person's symptoms occur as a result of the psyche's creative attempt to self-regulate. These symptoms are viewed as the symbol-making function of the psyche. Music therapy as a therapeutic tool is also viewed as having a symbol-making function in that the physical act of making music involves conceptualizing one's symptoms into sounds. The sound serves as a musical symbol of the symptom. The myth of Orpheus is offered as an example of how early man amplified the creative potential contained in music to heal from life's woes. The Orphic archetype illustrates that music serves as a medium for healing and as an expression of Self. That psyche can be healed by music is a reminder of the connection between music therapy and the myth of Orpheus. In using the therapeutic tool of music one can transcend, through the symbol making process inherent in music therapy, the tension of opposites that are created at the crossroads of disease and wellness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characterization and modeling of a noncollinearly phase-matchedfemtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on KTA and operating tobeyond 4 μm

We describe the design and operation of a critically phase-matched femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on KTA. By employing a small pump-signal noncollinear angle, tuning of the idler to beyond 4 μm is achieved using a Ti:sapphire pump laser. A Gaussian-beam model is described which can be used to identify the optimal noncollinear phase-matching geometry. Idler and signal pulses are characterized fully both temporally and spectrally and interferometric autocorrelation data at 3.5 μm showing idler pulses of only eight optical cycles duration are presented     

The Tenckhoff catheter in acute renal failure

The results of a retrospective study of routine measurement of haemoglobin at the examination of one-year-old children at Gr?land mother and child clinic during 1989-91 showed that 37% of the children had anaemia. There was no difference between immigrants and the European population. There was no correlation between anaemia and sex in either of the population groups. This may imply that routine haemoglobin measurement should be generally introduced as part of the regular control of one-year-old children.     

Dissolved organic carbon of coal slurry transport water

The qualitative and quantitative occurrence and fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching into coal slurry transport water was examined in laboratory-generated coal slurries and wastewaters from the Black Mesa coal slurry pipeline. Laboratory slurries were formulated for both western coals (Wyodak, Montana Rosebud and Black Mesa) and eastern coals (Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8). Sephadex G-25 elution profiles and ultrafiltration studies indicate that the majority of the organic compounds in western coal slurry wastewaters were lower (less than 1000) molecular weight species (62% for Wyodak and 74% for Montana Rosebud). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for these particular wastewaters ranged from 50 to 150 mg l⁻¹ as determined through the use of an electrolytic respirometer. Also, there was a concomitant 51–74% reduction in the DOC levels in the wastewaters. This removal was primarily due to the removal of the lower (< 1000) molecular weight compounds by the seed inoculum. There was no evidence for the presence of mutagenic organics in the raw wastewater.     

Differentiation of apple juice samples on the basis of heat treatment and variety using chemometric analysis of MIR and NIR data

The potential of mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for their ability to differentiate between apple juice samples on the basis of apple variety and applied heat-treatment was evaluated. The heat-treatment involved exposure of juice samples (15 ml) for 30 s in a 900 W microwave oven and the apple varieties used to produce the juice samples were Bramley, Elstar, Golden Delicious and Jonagold. The chemometric procedures applied to the MIR and NIR data were partial least squares regression (PLS1 for differentiation on the basis of heat-treatment, PLS2 for varietal differentiation) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) applied to principal component (PC) scores. PLS1 and PLS2 gave the highest level of correct classification of the apple juice samples according to heat-treatment (77.2% for both MIR and NIR data) and variety (78.3–100% for MIR data; 82.4–100% for NIR data), respectively.