Tuning of shear thickening behavior and elastic strength of polyvinylidene fluoride via doping of ZnO-graphene

ZnO rice like nonarchitects are grafted on the graphene carbon core via a rapid microwave synthesis route. The prepared grafted systems are characterized via XRD, SEM, RAMAN, and XPS to examined the structural and morphological parameters. Zinc oxide grafted graphene sheets (ZnO-G) are further doped in β-phase of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) via mixed solvent approach (THF/DMF). β-phase confirmation of PVDF PNCs is done by FTIR studies. It is observed that ZnO-G filler enhances the β-phase content in the PNCs. Non-doped PVDF and PNCs are further studied for rheological behavior under the shear rate of 1–100 s⁻¹. Doping of ZnO-G dopant to the PVDF matrix changes its discontinuous shear thickening (DST) behavior to continues shear thickening behavior (CST). Hydrocluster formation and their interaction with the dopant could be the reason for this striking DST to CST behavioral change. Strain amplitude sweep (10⁻³% -10%) oscillatory test reveals that the PNCs shows extended linear viscoelastic region with high elastic modulus and lower viscous modulus. Effective shear thickening behavior and strong elastic strength of these PNCs present their candidature for various fields including mechanical and soft body armor applications.     

Lowered antioxidant status of red blood cells in post-parturient haemoglobinuria of buffaloes

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis with FSME-Immun vaccine was started in the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical School of Bia?ystok, Poland, in 1992. No serious adverse reactions after vaccine administration were observed. Post-vaccine side effects were reported in 242 (11.3%) persons after the first dose (n = 2,135) and only in 14 patients (1.2%) after the second one (n = 1,183). These effects were mild and transitory. No relationship was observed between the frequency of adverse reactions, general or local, and the initial anti-TBE virus antibody titres or the age of the immunized individuals. Post-vaccine side effects were reported significantly more frequently among people not bitten by ticks.     

Preparation of an anion‐exchange adsorbent by the radiation‐induced grafting of vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride onto cotton cellulose and its application for protein adsorption

Poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride)‐graft‐cotton cellulose, an anion‐exchange matrix, was synthesized by a mutual radiation‐induced grafting technique with a ⁶⁰Co γ‐radiation source. The grafted matrix was characterized by grafting yield estimation, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The grafting yield decreased with the increase in the dose rate. However, the grafting yield and nitrogen content of grafted samples increased almost linearly with an increase in the total irradiation dose. To evaluate the performance of the grafted anion‐exchange matrix, the protein adsorption and elution behavior were investigated in a continuous column process under various experimental conditions, with bovine serum albumin used as a model protein. The binding and elution behavior of the anion‐exchange matrix depended on different experimental parameters, such as the grafting yield, ionic strength, pH of the medium, and amount of protein loaded. From a breakthrough curve, the equilibrium binding capacity and elution percentage of the grafted anion‐exchange matrix were estimated to be 40 mg/g and 94%, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5512–5521, 2006     

A spatio‐temporal water quality assessment of the Beas and Sutlej Rivers at the Harike Wetland: A Ramsar site in Punjab,India

Lakes play a vital role in regulating water storage, flow of river water, and ultimately maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Spatial and temporal variations in physicochemical parameters of water in Harike Wetland, a Ramsar site in the northwestern state of Punjab, India, were studied. This study was conducted on a monthly basis from January to December 2015. The water quality was studied at ten locations from sites 1 to 10 upstream, central and downstream from Harike Lake for ten physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen concentration biological oxygen demand, nitrate and phosphate concentrations and salinity. The findings of this study revealed that, except for temperature and pH, all parameters exhibited relatively higher values for the Sutlej River, compared with the Beas River, with sampling sites 5 to site 7 exhibiting intermediate results. The mean seasonal temperature variations ranged from 16.9 to 26.6 °C, the pH from 7.7 to 8.2, electrical conductivity from 223 to 303 μS cm^?1 and TDS concentration from 148.7 to 180.4 ppm. Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relations between the variables. The electrical conductivity exhibited a high positive correlation with salinity and biological oxygen demand, whereas it correlated negatively with the dissolved oxygen concentration. Box and whisker plots were also plotted for the study results to better examine the data distribution.     

Geospatial technology applied to spatiotemporal assessment of Harike Wetland,Punjab

The Harike Wetland situated in Punjab is a Ramsar site and a wetland of national importance. The present study was undertaken to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the wetland on the basis of geospatial technology and ground‐based studies. Landsat images for the years 2002 and 2014 were acquired from the United States Geological Survey and classified digitally to generate landuse/land cover maps involving four classes (water, grassland (including water hyacinth), agriculture, built‐up (settlement), barren land). The total area of the Harike Wetland was found to be 8023.68 ha. Water sampling at eleven sites was carried out and evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The water quality at several sampling points was found to be severely degraded. Change detection analysis revealed the submerged area (area under water) and grassland (including water hyacinth) had decreased over the past 12 years, whereas that area under agriculture and built‐up land has increased, indicating a shrinkage in the total wetland area. The present study also indicated that the near‐infrared band is a good indicator of water quality parameters, as indicated by the significant positive correlation between the near‐infrared band and relevant water parameters. Because the wetland is important from both an ecological perspective and economic perspective, regular monitoring is recommended, for which geospatial technology has proven to be very useful.     

Somein situ STM contributions to the characterization of electrochemical systems

We present a critical review on the use of STM as anin situ technique to characterize electrochemical systems based on the work performed in our laboratory. Contributions ofin situ STM studies include: (i) atomic resolution of electrodeposited lead on graphite; (ii) imaging of modifications on metallic electrode surfaces induced by electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes; (iii) imaging of corrosion process on aluminium and Al-Ta alloy electrodes in NaCl solution; (iv) characterization of semiconductor-solution interfaces. These studies allowed: (a) establishment of STM as a technique which, for some systems, yields atomic resolution of metallic surfaces in air and in solution; (b) establishment of a mechanism for the electrochemical growth of oxide films on metal electrodes; (c) establishment of a corresponding mechanism for the reduction of those electrochemically grown oxide films; (d) direct monitoring of corrosion processes on a scale of nm to m; and (e) determination of the presence of surface states and their energy position at the semiconductor-solution interfaces.This paper is dedicated to Professor Brian E. Conway on the occasion of his 65th birthday and in recognition of his outstanding contribution to electrochemistry.     

Security Driven Scheduling Model for Computational Grid Using NSGA-II

Number of software applications demands various levels of security at the time of scheduling in Computational Grid. Grid may offer these securities but may result in the performance degradation due to overhead in offering the desired security. Scheduling performance in a Grid is affected by the heterogeneities of security and computational power of resources. Customized Genetic Algorithms have been effectively used for solving complex optimization problems (NP Hard) and various heuristics have been suggested for solving Multi-objective optimization problems. In this paper a security driven, elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, Optimal Security with Optimal Overhead Scheduling (OSO₂S), based on NSGA-II, is proposed. The model considers dual objectives of minimizing the security overhead and maximizing the total security achieved. Simulation results exhibit that the proposed algorithm delivers improved makespan and lesser security overhead in comparison to other such algorithms viz. MinMin, MaxMin, SPMinMin, SPMaxMin and SDSG.     

Automatic recognition of handwritten medical forms for search engines

A new paradigm, which models the relationships between handwriting and topic categories, in the context of medical forms, is presented. The ultimate goals are: (1) a robust method which categorizes medical forms into specified categories, and (2) the use of such information for practical applications such as an improved recognition of medical handwriting or retrieval of medical forms as in a search engine. Medical forms have diverse, complex and large lexicons consisting of English, Medical and Pharmacology corpus. Our technique shows that a few recognized characters, returned by handwriting recognition, can be used to construct a linguistic model capable of representing a medical topic category. This allows (1) a reduced lexicon to be constructed, thereby improving handwriting recognition performance, and (2) PCR (Pre-Hospital Care Report) forms to be tagged with a topic category and subsequently searched by information retrieval systems. We present an improvement of over 7% in raw recognition rate and a mean average precision of 0.28 over a set of 1,175 queries on a data set of unconstrained handwritten medical forms filled in emergency environments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation.     

Comprehensive study of RF analysis of G/GO-based NEMS shunt switch

Microsystem Technologies - High isolation and low insertion loss are the key design parameters for the NEMS switch at high frequency. The comprehensive study of radio frequency (RF) performance...