A fragmentary model of vitreous As<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The X-ray scattering intensity curves for vitreous As₂S₃ are experimentally measured using soft (copper) and hard (molybdenum) X rays. The inclusion of all the specific features revealed in the experimental scattering intensity curves makes it possible to obtain the experimental atomic radial distribution function (ARDF) in the ordering range up to ～1 nm. The experimental ARDF is interpreted in the framework of the fragmentary model. A comparison of the experimental ARDF with the model ARDF calculated from the crystal structure data obtained for orpiment demonstrates that the corrugated layers inherent in crystalline As₂S₃ are retained in the glass structure but the characteristic interlayer interatomic distances are absent. The layers are joined together through the As₄S₅ molecular clusters. Microcrystals consisting of several unit cells are absent in the glass structure, which involves only the structural fragments of both crystalline analogs. One of the possible variants of their joining is proposed.     

Increasing the corrosion resistance of low-alloy and carbon steels for automobile construction by optimizing the metallurgical technology

It is shown that the corrosion resistance of automobile sheet can be improved by ensuring that steels of this type have a low content of corrosion-active nonmetallic inclusions (CANI). The main mechanisms responsible for the formation of CANI in automobile sheet have been established, and recommendations have been developed to reduce their concentration in this product • optimize the deoxidation processes that are used by ensuring that the proportions of the additions made to the steel are consistent with the composition of the ladle slag and that certain key temperature-time parameters of these processes are maintained • control the composition of the ladle slag to prevent the formation of solid phases in the slag and their transfer to the metal; certain conditions must also be observed in the argon blow and the introduction of the addtions. Use of the above recommendations to make automobile sheet and tube steels cleaner with respect to their content of CANI and thus help optimize out-of-furnace treatments at metallurgical and pipe plants will make it possible to improve the corrosion resistance of metal products used in automotive manufacturing. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 2, pp. 45–48, February, 2006.     

Short-term effects of occupational stressors on daily mood and health complaints.

Related daily changes in 2 job conditions, workload and social interaction with co-workers and supervisors, to daily mood and health complaints. 52 air-traffic controllers (ATCs) completed measures of subjective well-being and perceived job conditions on 3 consecutive days; objective indicators of daily workload (air traffic volume and visibility at the airport) were also obtained. The results indicate that increases in job stressors are associated with a same-day deterioration in physical and psychological well-being. On days in which workload was perceived to be high, ATCs reported more health complaints and moods that were more negative and less positive. On days in which there was greater air traffic volume (objectively measured), ATCs reported moods that were more negative. On days in which interactions with co-workers and supervisors were described as more distressing, ATCs reported moods that were more negative and less positive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Technology for high-alumina mortar in the Belokamensk Refractory Plant

Materials proposed for the production of a high-alumina mortar are investigated, namely, waste of melting of secondary aluminum, polishing powder of normal electrocorundum, and sintered corundum. A technology for the production of high-alumina mortars of three compositions has been developed for these materials. An experimental industrial batch of mortar composed of ShKN chamotte, polishing powder of normal electrocorundum, and DN2 clay has been manufactured and tested with a positive result. Production of the mortar has been introduced in the Belokamensk Refractory Plant.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 27 – 28, January, 1996.     

Relapse crises and coping among dieters.

We examined situational antecedents of dieting relapse crises and dieters' attempts to cope with temptations to overeat. We analyzed postreatment interviews with 57 obese Ss with Type II diabetes, comparing situations in which Ss lapsed with those in which they overcame temptation to overeat. Cluster analysis yielded 3 categories of relapse crises: mealtime, low-arousal, and emotional upset situations. The cluster differed in outcome: Upset situations almost always resulted in overeating; situational factors, especially food-related cues, increased relapse risk; but performance of coping was the strongest correlate of outcome. Cognitive and behavioral coping responses were each equally associated with positive outcomes. When Ss reported combining both types of coping, they were less likely to report overeating. The dynamics of relapse crises among dieters resemble those that govern relapse crises in addictive behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Calculation of characteristics of heat and mass transfer during destruction of thermoprotective material

The process of nonstationary heat and mass transfer in a carbon-epoxy composite under the action of a high-enthalpy flow is analyzed numerically within the framework of the mathematical model of a reacting medium. Analytical solutions have been obtained for the value of mass entrainment from the material surface, depending on the entrainment velocity at the expense of pyrolysis of the carbon-epoxy composite. The solutions obtained are in agreement with the results of numerical integration for constant and variable parameters of retardation. The possibility of simplifying the boundary conditions is analyzed, and recommendations for performing serial calculations are offered.Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk 634050. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 76–84, July–August, 1994.     

Averaging the sinter charge in hoppers

Zaporozhe Industrial Institute. Zaporozhstal' Combine. Translated from Metallurg, No. 2, pp. 19–21, February, 1988.     

Comparison of three-dimensional surface scanning techniques for capturing the external ear

Congenital facial anomalies, such as microtia (malformation of the external ear), lead to significant psychosocial effects starting from early childhood. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and advanced manufacturing are being investigated as a cheaper and more personalised method of fabricating reconstructive treatments for patients compared to traditional approaches. To date, most case studies have used expensive 3D scanners, yet, there is potential for low-cost devices to provide comparable results. This study aimed to investigate these different approaches. Both ears of 16 adult participants were scanned with three devices: Artec Spider (Artec Group), Intel^® RealSense? (Intel), and the Apple iPhone^® 7 (Apple Inc.) combined with photogrammetry using 90, 60 and 30 photographs. The scanning time, processing time, accuracy, completeness, resolution and repeatability of each technique were assessed using the Artec Spider as a reference scanner. Our results show that the iPhone had the longest processing time however, this decreased nine-fold when reducing the number of photos from 90 to 30. There was no significant difference in the accuracy, completeness or repeatability of the iPhone scans with 90 photographs (1.4?±?0.6?mm, 79.9%, 1.0?±?0.1?mm), 60 photographs (1.2?±?0.2, 79.3%, 0.9?±?0.2?mm) or 30 photographs (1.2?±?0.3?mm, 74.3%, 1.0?±?0.2?mm). The Intel RealSesne performed significantly worse in each parameter (1.8?±?03?mm; 46.6%, 1.4?±?0.5). Additionally, the RealSense had significantly lower resolution with not enough detail captured for the application. These results demonstrate that the ear can be accurately 3D scanned using iPhone photographs. We would recommend capturing between 30 and 60 photographs of the ear to create a scan that is accurate but without the downfall of long processing time. Using these methods we aim to provide a more comfortable setting for the patient and a lower-cost and more personalised ear prosthesis.     

Urinary proteomic analysis of chronic allograft nephropathy

The pathogenesis of progressive renal allograft injury, which is termed chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), remains obscure and is currently defined by histology. Prospective protocol-biopsy trials have demonstrated that clinical and standard laboratory tests are insufficiently sensitive indicators of the development and progression of CAN. The study aim was to determine if CAN could be characterized by urinary proteomic data and identify the proteins associated with disease. The urinary proteome of 75 renal transplant recipients and 20 healthy volunteers was analyzed using surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization MS. Patients could be classified into subgroups with normal histology and Banff CAN grades 2-3 with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 92% by applying the classification algorithm Adaboost to urinary proteomic data. Several urinary proteins associated with advanced CAN were identified including α1-microglobulin, β2-microglobulin, prealbumin, and endorepellin, the antiangiogenic C-terminal fragment of perlecan. Increased urinary endorepellin was confirmed by ELISA and increased tissue expression of the endorepellin/perlecan ratio by immunofluoresence analysis of renal biopsies. In conclusion, analysis of urinary proteomic data has further characterized the more severe CAN grades and identified urinary endorepellin, as a potential biomarker of advanced CAN.