Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements

A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s-1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ～MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.     

Phase Transformations and Grain Growth in β-stabilized TiAl Alloys

Solid-state phase transformations and grain growth of an intermetallic γ-TiAl alloy were investigated in-situ using high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy (HTLSCM). During isothermal annealing in the single β-phase region, significant grain coarsening was observed. On cooling beneath the β-transus temperature with different rates, a CCT diagram was evaluated for the initiation of β to α phase transformation and changes in the morphology were observed.     

Development of a Pulsed-Field Differential Mobility Analyzer: A Method for Measuring Shape Parameters for Nonspherical Particles

For a nonspherical particle, a standard differential mobility analyzer (DMA) measurement yields a mobility-equivalent spherical diameter, but provides no information about the degree of sphericity. However, given that the electrical mobility for nonspheres is orientation-dependent, and that orientation can be manipulated using electric fields of varying strength, one can, in principle, extract some type of shape information through a systematic measurement of mobility as a function of particle orientation. Here, we describe the development of a pulsed-field differential mobility analyzer (PFDMA) which enables one to change the peak E-field experienced by the particle to induce orientation, while still maintaining the same time-averaged field strength as a standard DMA experiment. The instrument is validated with polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with accurately known size, and gold rods with dimensions accurately determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate how the instrument can be used for particle separation and extraction of shape information. In particular, we show how one can extract both length and diameter information for rod-like particles. This generic approach can be used to obtain dynamic shape factors or other multivariate dimensional information (e.g., length and diameter).

Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research     

核素153Sm体素S因子特性的研究

基于体素S因子计算个体化病例的三维剂量是目前核医学研究的一个重要方向.153Sm是目前骨转移治疗常用的核素之一.本文利用EGS4蒙特卡罗程序包构建了基于体素的三维吸收剂量分布模拟程序,计算了不同情况下153Sm的S因子,探讨了介质成分和物理密度对S因子的影响.结果表明:1)不同物理密度对S因子有明显影响;2)在相同物理密度的情况下,不同介质对S因子的影响相对较小.计算结果为基于体素S因子计算核素治疗的三维剂量提供了参考,明确了在不考虑介质和物理密度差异时S因子的误差.     

尼泊金十二酯合成工艺研究

对羟基苯甲酸与正十二醇在对甲苯磺酸催化下,以苯为溶剂,直接酯化合成尼泊金十二酯,其最佳的反应条件为:对羟基苯甲酸与正十二醇摩尔比1∶3,反应时间为4h,反应温度为130～140℃,催化剂与对羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比为0.07∶1,产率90.1%。     

Double‐Inverse‐Opal Photonic Crystals: The Route to Photonic Bandgap Switching

Photonic crystals with a complete bandgap can stop the propagation of light of a certain frequency in all directions. We introduce double‐inverse‐opal photonic crystals (DIOPCs) as a new kind of optical switch. In the DIOPC, a movable, weakly scattering sphere is embedded within each pore of the inverse‐opal photonic crystal lattice. Switching between a diffusive reflector and a photonic crystal environment is experimentally demonstrated. Theory shows that a complete bandgap can be realized that can be opened or closed by moving the spheres. This functionality opens up new possibilities for the control of light emission and propagation. The close link and interaction between the chemical synthesis and the computational design and analysis underlines the interdisciplinary focus of this report.     

Impact of coagulation and adsorption on DOC fractions of secondary effluent and resulting fouling behaviour in ultrafiltration

Membrane fouling by macromolecular dissolved organic compounds is still a fundamental drawback in low-pressure membrane filtration of secondary effluent. In this study, pre-treatment of secondary effluent by coagulation and/or adsorption was investigated in terms of removal of different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions, especially macromolecular substances. DOC fractionation has been characterised by size exclusion chromatography. Adsorption tests using four commercially available activated carbons yielded a removal of small as well as larger organic compounds, revealing differences in the affinity towards macromolecules depending on the type of applied activated carbon. By contrast, coagulation removed predominantly larger molecules, i.e., biopolymers and humic substances. In terms of DOC reduction, the coagulant ferric chloride was superior to aluminium chloride. A combination of coagulation and adsorption resulted in the addition of individual removal efficiencies, suggesting that different fractions of organic compounds were involved in each of the processes. After removal of macromolecular organic compounds either by coagulation or by adsorption, a significant reduction of membrane fouling was observed in tests using two different types of ultrafiltration flat-sheet membranes in 20-h cross-flow filtration tests.     

6-脱氢姜酚的制取与鉴定

为了获得高纯度的脱氢姜酚,以干姜粉制取的姜油树脂为原料,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶干柱层析和硅胶柱真空层析等分离纯化方法,获得了黄色粉状物,通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等测定证实所得粉状黄色粉状物为6-脱氢姜酚,证实了其烯醇互变异构体———6-脱氢姜二酮的存在。