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1.
Albrecht Jason E.; O'Brien Edward J.; Mason Robert A.; Myers Jerome L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,21(2):364
An implicit assumption of several causal reasoning models is that readers adopt the goals of a narrative's protagonist during text comprehension. In apparent violation of this assumption, readers participating in Experiment 1 of the present study drew inferences relevant to a protagonist's goal even when that goal was already satisfied from the perspective of the protagonist. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants were explicitly asked to view the text situation from the point of view of the protagonist. In this case, the goals of the reader and the protagonist should be the same. In these experiments, participants focused on the goals of the protagonist only when those goals had not been satisfied from the perspective of the protagonist. These results are discussed in terms of reader- and character-based perspectives and in terms of text characteristics that cue perspective taking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Two lignite samples, Beulah No. 3 and Big Brown No. 1, were liquefied at 420 °C using H2 and synthesis gas to determine the optimum beneficial amount of H2S in the batch autoclave reactor. Under the conditions employed, 50–100 psi partial pressure of H2S, nominally 4–10 wt% of daf lignite, was optimum for both samples. Synthesis gas outperformed H2 with and without H2S for the liquefaction of the two coals. 相似文献
3.
Candace Arai Yano Senior Member IIE Robert C. Carlson Senior Member Iie 《IIE Transactions》1985,17(4):370-377
Results of a simulation study of the economics of frequency of rescheduling Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems are presented for a single-product, two-stage system in which demand is uncertain. The results indicate that for systems with moderate demand uncertainty, frequent rescheduling to maintain customer service may be uneconomical when compared with the alternative of more stable schedules in conjunction with safety stock. This result arises primarily because the cost of “emergency” production setups which occur when rescheduling is frequent exceeds the cost of safety stock required to “protect” stable schedules. 相似文献
4.
Yunlei Li Dick de Ridder Robert P.W. Duin Marcel J.T. Reinders 《Pattern recognition》2008,41(1):320-330
Samples can be measured with different precisions and reliabilities in different experiments, or even within the same experiment. These varying levels of measurement noise may deteriorate the performance of a pattern recognition system, if not treated with care. Here we seek to investigate the benefit of incorporating prior knowledge about measurement noise into system construction. We propose a kernel density classifier which integrates such prior knowledge. Instead of using an identical kernel for each sample, we transform the prior knowledge into a distinct kernel for each sample. The integration procedure is straightforward and easy to interpret. In addition, we show how to estimate the diverse measurement noise levels in a real world dataset. Compared to the basic methods, the new kernel density classifier can give a significantly better classification performance. As expected, this improvement is more obvious for small sample size datasets and large number of features. 相似文献
5.
Osemwengie Iyoha Bret Howard Bryan Morreale Richard Killmeyer Robert Enick 《Topics in Catalysis》2008,49(1-2):97-107
The hydrogen permeance of 1 mm-thick Pd80wt%Cu foils was measured in the presence of equimolar mixtures of H2 with CO, CO2 or H2O over the temperature and total pressure ranges of 623–1,173 K and 0.62–2.86 MPa, respectively. In all cases, permeance losses at 623 and 738 K were very modest. At higher temperatures, more significant decreases in membrane permeance were observed with the highest reduction of about 50% occurring when macroscopic carbon deposition occurred on the membrane surface during H2–CO exposure at 908 K. The more worrisome effects of exposure to these gases, however, were the micron-scale surface defects observed at 908 and 1,038 K. Although the 1 mm thick disk membranes retained their mechanical integrity, such defects could cause catastrophic failure of ultra-thin, Pd–Cu membranes (1–5 μm thick) deposited on porous substrates. 相似文献
6.
Maykel Cruz-Monteagudo Cristian Robert Munteanu Fernanda Borges Eugenio Uriarte Humberto González-Díaz 《Polymer》2008,49(25):5575-5587
The Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) based on Graph or Network Theory are important for predicting the properties of polymeric systems. In the three previous papers of this series (Polymer 45 (2004) 3845-3853; Polymer 46 (2005) 2791-2798; and Polymer 46 (2005) 6461-6473) we focused on the uses of molecular graph parameters called topological indices (TIs) to link the structure of polymers with their biological properties. However, there has been little effort to extend these TIs to the study of complex mixtures of artificial polymers or biopolymers such as nucleic acids and proteins. In this sense, Blood Proteome (BP) is one of the most important and complex mixtures containing protein polymers. For instance, outcomes obtained by Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis of BP are very useful for the early detection of diseases and drug-induced toxicities. Here, we use two Spiral and Star Network representations of the MS outcomes and defined a new type of TIs. The new TIs introduced here are the spectral moments (πk) of the stochastic matrix associated to the Spiral graph and describe non-linear relationships between the different regions of the MS characteristic of BP. We used the MARCH-INSIDE approach to calculate the πk(SN) of different BP samples and S2SNet to determine several Star graph TIs. In the second step, we develop the corresponding Quantitative Proteome-Property Relationship (QPPR) models using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). QPPRs are the analogues of QSPRs in the case of complex biopolymer mixtures. Specifically, the new QPPRs derived here may be used to detect drug-induced cardiac toxicities from BP samples. Different Machine Learning classification algorithms were used to fit the QPPRs based on πk(SN), showing J48 decision tree classifier to have the best performance. These results suggest that the present approach captures important features of the complex biopolymers mixtures and opens new opportunities to the application of the idea supporting classic QSPRs in polymer sciences. 相似文献
7.
Robert Cravotta 《电子设计技术》2006,13(9):80-80,82-84,86
新的特性必须更加智能,在增加价值的同时不会分散驾驶者的注意力和增加事故的风险。 相似文献
8.
Joel P. Martin J. Edward Swan II Robert J. Moorhead II Zhanping Liu Shangshu Cai 《Computer Graphics Forum》2008,27(3):991-998
We present the results from a user study looking at the ability of observers to mentally integrate wind direction and magnitude over a vector field. The data set chosen for the study is an MM5 (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model) simulation of Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico as it approaches the southeastern United States. Nine observers participated in the study. This study investigates the effect of layering on the observer's ability to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector field. We found a tendency for observers to underestimate the magnitude of the vectors and a counter‐clockwise bias when determining the average direction of a vector field. We completed an additional study with two observers to try to uncover the source of the counter‐clockwise bias. These results have direct implications to atmospheric scientists, but may also be able to be applied to other fields that use 2D vector fields. 相似文献
9.
This paper describesMicroScope, a framework for developing analysis tools for Lisp programs. MicroScope uses a knowledge-intensive approach for program representation and analysis. The analysis tools share a common object oriented program database, and a common Prolog inference engine. The use of Prolog and a declarative representation for programs permits sharing of information, and provides high bandwidth communication between diverse analysis tools. It also supports program specification and debugging activities in the same framework. Extensions to Prolog to support analysis are described, and two tools, theCritic and theExpector, are presented.This work supported in part by Hewlett-Packard Company, the National Science foundation Under Grant Number MCS81-21750 and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract number DAAK11-84-K-0017. 相似文献
10.
The goal of the PMS project is to produce an environment in which the intelligent online assessment of the design for large-scale ADA programming projects is provided. The focus is on the representation of knowledge about the design process for an individual module. Changes in pseudocode complexity are measured in terms of partial metrics. These metrics can take the designers inferences about the pseudocode program structure into account when assessing module complexity. Next, a model of the stepwise refinement process is given which demonstrates how pseudocode elaboration decisions can be modelled in partial metric terms. Finally, the decisions associated with each refinement step for 17 example refinements taken from the computer science literature are described using partial metrics. 相似文献