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G. Rocquelin J. P. Sergiel B. Martin J. Leclerc R. Cluzan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(11):728-732
Recent findings on the nutritive value of rapeseed oil (RSO) with high erucic acid content have been compared to those of
canbra oil (CO), an oil extracted from newly bred Canadian rapeseed with no erucic acid. Erucic acid in diets retards animal
growth even if food consumption is not altered. Growth performances of CO are as good as olive or peanut oil. The unbalanced
ratio of palmitic acid to monoethylenic acids of CO does not affect rat growth rate. Because of its glyceride structure and
high content of erucic acid, RSO has a lower digestibility (81%) than CO (96%) in the rat. Unabsorbed erucic acid is not preferentially
excreted as calcium soaps. Interesterification of RSO which converts 31.7% of the erucic chains to the 2 position improves
digestibility of erucic acid. 2-Monoerucin is more efficiently absorbed than the free acid. In vivo metabolic conversion of
erucic to oleic acid has been proved in the rat. β-oxidation of injected 14-14C labeled erucic acid proceeded at the same rate as oleic acid but the over-all yield of the reaction was lower. Fatty acid
composition of tissues in animals fed RSO or CO is influenced on one hand by erucic and gadoleic (C20∶1) acids of RSO, and on the other hand by the unbalanced ratio of palmitic-monoethylenic acids and the linolenic acid content
of both oils. Nonnegligible amounts of erucic acid are deposited in the body fats of rats, chickens, turkeys, lambs and found
in the milk of female rats fed RSO. Almost no erucic acid is incorporated in liver and testicles in the rat and it is not
recovered in chicken egg yolk. The effect of RSO on rat reproduction has been re-examined. Dietary lipid and vitamin levels
are of great importance in the results obtained. RSO induces myocarditis in several animal species. Similar lesions, although
less frequent and severe, have been observed also with CO in the rat. Some authors have reported that erucic acid of RSO was
responsible for the effect on heart muscle. Common fatty acid patterns to both RSO and CO have to be further investigated
to explain the persisting effect of CO.
One of 9 papers presented at the Symposium, “Cruciferous Oil-seeds,” ISF-AOCS World Congress, Chicago, September 1970. 相似文献
2.
This work describes a one-step separation of rat tissue phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
using a silica column and a new light-scattering detector (LSD). Complete separation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine
was obtained. Direct quantification was achieved after detector calibration for each phospholipid class. The detector response
was shown to be linear within the ranges used. The LSD results agreed well with those obtained by phospholipid phosphorus
assay. The present method was applied to rat heart and rat liver phospholipid analysis. 相似文献
3.
The separation of phospholipid classes from human heart was achieved in two steps by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) using a silica column with an ultraviolet spectromonitor at 206 nm. A complete partitioning of phosphatidylcholines
(PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), phosphatidylserines (PS), cardiolipins (CL), lysophosphatidylcholines
(LPC) and sphingomyelins (Sph) was obtained for further analysis. 相似文献
4.
Phospholipid content and fatty acid composition of human heart were determined on 36 biopsy specimens collected during open
heart surgery. The main phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol
(DPG), and sphingomyelin (SPH) were separated by HPLC, quantified, and converted to fatty acid methyl esters which were chromatographed
on capillary GLC columns. Sex and age (mainly 40–70) of patients had no significant influence on the relative distribution
of phospholipid classes and only a slight effect on fatty acid composition. Incorporation oftrans 18∶1 in phospholipid classes was low.cis andtrans octadecenoic isomers seemed to be selectively incorporated, the Δ9 and Δ11cis ortrans isomers being predominant. Human and rat data were compared, and some species differences were noticed. In human PC, palmitic
acid is higher and stearic acid much lower than in rat PC. Saturated dimethyl acetals (16∶0 and 18∶0) in PC and PE were greater
for humans. Incorporation of 20∶4 n−6 in human PE is higher than in rat PE. 相似文献
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6.
Rapid and convenient separation of phospholipids and non phosphorus lipids from rat heart using silica cartridges 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
The separation of non phosphorus lipids and phospholipids of rat heart using Sep-pack Silica cartridges is described. No cartridge
preparation is necessary before utilization. The separation of lipid extracts is very fast. A complete partition of non phosphorus
lipids and phospholipid is obtained. 相似文献
7.
Anne Javouhey-Donzel Lucien Guenot Véronique Maupoil Luc Rochette Gérard Rocquelin 《Lipids》1993,28(7):651-655
Three groups of sixteen male rats each were fed semipurified diets containing 15% by weight of lipid for a period of 4 wk.
The diets contained the same amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20% of total fatty acids) and saturated fatty acids
(19% of total fatty acids). Dietary PUFA were represented exclusively by linoleic acid (18∶2 diet), or 10% linoleic acid and
10% linolenic acid (18∶3 diet), or 10% linoleic acid and 10% long-chain n−3 fatty acids (LCn−3 diet). The overall amount of
vitamin E was similar in the three diets,i.e, 140, 133 and 129 mg/kg diet, respectively. Following appropriate extraction, tocopherol levels in heart, liver, brain, adipose
tissue (AT) and plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The level of vitamin E in the heart decreased
with n−3 PUFA diets, most markedly with LCn−3 PUFA. Liver and AT vitamin E contents also decreased with n−3 PUFA diets when
expressed as μg/mg total lipids and μg/mg phospholipids, respectively. Total plasma vitamin E was lower in rats fed the LCn−3
diet, but there was no significant difference when expressed as μg/mg total lipids. Brain vitamin E was not affected by the
various diets.In vitro cardiac lipid peroxidation was quantified by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) test. Heart homogenates
were incubated at 37°C for 15 and 30 min in both the absence (uninduced) or presence (induced) of a free radical generating
system (1 mM xanthine, 0.1 IU per mL xanthine oxidase, 0.2 mM/0.4 mM Fe/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). TBARS release was
time-independent but significantly higher when LCn−3 fatty acids were fed to rats in either the uninduced or induced system.
The study demonstrated that n−3 PUFA diets can influence vitamin E status of rats even in short-term experiments and can change
the susceptibility of the heart toin vitro lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
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