A practical SPICE model based on the physics and characteristics of realistic single-electron transistors

A practical model for a single-electron transistor (SET) was developed based on the physical phenomena in realistic Si SETs, and implemented into a conventional circuit simulator. In the proposed model, the SET current calculated by the analytic model is combined with the parasitic MOSFET characteristics, which have been observed in many recently reported SETs formed on Si nanostructures. The SPICE simulation results were compared with the measured characteristics of the Si SETs. In terms of the bias, temperature, and size dependence of the realistic SET characteristics, an extensive comparison leads to good agreement within a reasonable level of accuracy. This result is noticeable in that a single set of model parameters was used, while considering divergent physical phenomena such as the parasitic MOSFET, the Coulomb oscillation phase shift, and the tunneling resistance modulated by the gate bias. When compared to the measured data, the accuracy of the voltage transfer characteristics of a single-electron inverter obtained from the SPICE simulation was within 15%. This new SPICE model can be applied to estimating the realistic performance of a CMOS/SET hybrid circuit or various SET logic architectures.     

How Cancer Cells Invade Bladder Epithelium and Form Tumors: The Mouse Bladder Tumor Model as a Model of Tumor Recurrence in Patients

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is the most common form of bladder cancer. The main problem in managing bladder tumors is the high recurrence after the transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). Our study aimed to examine the fate of intravesically applied cancer cells as the implantation of cancer cells after TURBT is thought to be a cause of tumor recurrence. We established an orthotopic mouse bladder tumor model with MB49-GFP cancer cells and traced them during the first three days to define their location and contacts with normal urothelial cells. Data were obtained by Western blot, immunolabeling, and light and electron microscopy. We showed that within the first two hours, applied cancer cells adhered to the traumatized epithelium by cell projections containing α3β1 integrin on their tips. Cancer cells then migrated through the epithelium and on day 3, they reached the basal lamina or even penetrated it. In established bladder tumors, E-cadherin and desmoplakin 1/2 were shown as feasible immunohistochemical markers of tumor margins based on the immunolabeling of various junctional proteins. Altogether, these results for the first time illustrate cancer cell implantation in vivo mimicking cellular events of tumor recurrence in bladder cancer patients.     

Revisiting Statistical Design and Analysis in Scientific Research

Statistics is essential to design experiments and interpret experimental results. Inappropriate use of the statistical analysis, however, often leads to a wrong conclusion. This concept article revisits basic concepts of statistics and provides a brief guideline of applying the statistical analysis for scientific research from designing experiments to analyzing and presenting the data.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of seasonal solar‐energy storage in buildings

This paper presents seasonal‐energy storage of solar energy for the heating of buildings. We distinguish several types of seasonal storage, such as latent, sensible, and chemical storage, among which the thermochemical storage is used and analysed in this research. In the first part, a laboratory heat‐storage tank, which was made in the laboratory for heating, sanitary, and solar technology and air conditioning from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, was presented. The experimental model was tested for charging and discharging mode. Two types of numerical models for sorption thermal‐energy storage exist, which are microscale and macroscale (integral). For microscale analysis, the analysis system (ANSYS) model can be used to simulate the behaviour in the adsorption reactor. On macroscale or integral scale, TRaNsient SYStem (TRNSYS) model was used to perform the operation of the storages on the yearly basis. In the second part the simulation of the underfloor heating system operation with a built‐in storage tank was carried out for two locations, Ljubljana and Portoro?. Furthermore, the comparison between a thermochemical and sensible‐heat storage was performed with TRNSYS and Excel software. In this comparison, the focus was on the surface parameters of the SCs and volume of the thermal‐storage tank for the coverage of the energy demand for selected building. With this analysis, we would like to show the advantage of the thermochemical storage system, to provide greater coverage of the energy demand for the operation of the building, compared with the seasonal sensible‐heat storage (SSHS). Such a heat‐storage technology could, in the future, be a key contributor to the more environmentally friendly and more sustainable way of delivering energy needs for buildings.     

高山庇护所 斯诺文尼亚

<正>建设单位:PD Ljubljana Matica项目计划:庇护所结构工程:AKT II, Hanif Kara, Edward Wilkes实施及现场协调:PD Ljubljana Matica,Matevz Jerman, Davor Rozman项目情况:2016年竣工主承包商:Permiz d.o.o., Bostjan Perme OFIS和AKT II的建筑师同哈佛大学设计研究生院、Freeaproved、PD Ljubljana Matica、Rieder和Rockwool的学生合作完成了这个项目。     

Preparation of platinum-doped hollow spheres and their electrocatalytic activity in water electrolysis

Pure TiO₂ hollow spheres were prepared by using poly(styrene-methacrylic acid) latex particles as template; thereafter, titania hollow spheres were coated by platinum with an appropriate amount of choloroplatinic acid solution to obtain Pt/TiO₂ catalysts. The morphology and structure of nonstructural Pt/TiO₂ hollow spheres were characterized by BET, XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM analysis. In the samples, a remarkably uniform layer of Pt consisting of particles from 5 to 70 nm in size was formed over TiO₂ hollow spheres. We found the electrocatalytic nature of the samples by cyclic voltammetric experiment in acidic solution. The anodic peak current density of 20 wt% Pt-loaded TiO₂ hollow particles was observed 2.5 times higher than that of 5 wt% Pt/TiO₂ in the same experimental condition. Also, the anodic current density of 20 wt% Pt/TiO₂ hollow spheres calcined at various temperatures followed the order: 400 °C≈500 °C>600 °C. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-loaded TiO₂ hollow spheres depends on the amount of atomic platinum present in the sample; a higher concentration of platinum results in a larger current density value in anodic sweep, resulting in more oxygen production during electrolysis. Pt/TiO₂ hollow sphere catalysts have also shown long term electrocatalytic stability in acidic media.     

Resveratrol analogue,HS-1793, inhibits inflammatory mediator release from macrophages by interfering with the TLR4 mediated NF-κB activation

Food Science and Biotechnology - Resveratrol is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, high-dose resveratrol is required for optimal anti-inflammatory effects. HS-1793 is a derivative...     

Copper(I) Bromide‐Dimethyl Sulfide‐Catalyzed Direct Sulfanylation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and 4‐Hydroxyquinolinones with Arylsulfonylhydrazides and Selective Fluorescence Switch‐ On Sensing of Cadmium(II) Ion in Water

An efficient protocol for the direct sulfanylation of various 4‐hydroxycoumarins and 4‐hydroxyquinolinones in good yield with arylsulfonylhydrazides as sulfanylating agents was developed via copper(I) bromide⋅dimethyl sulfide‐catalyzed S–O, S–N bond cleavage and C–S cross‐coupling reactions. A highly selective fluorescence turning‐on sensing of cadmium(II) ions in water using the synthesized 3‐sulfanyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin derivative was also investigated.

     

烧结温度对La0.6Ca0.4MnO3结构、磁性和磁致热效应的影响（英文）

研究了烧结温度对La0.6Ca0.4MnO3的结构、磁转变和磁熵的影响。观察表明,该化合物属于具有Pnma空间群的斜方晶系结构,不含任何杂质。研究烧结温度对居里温度(TC)的影响,发现提高烧结温度,TC稍有增大。磁致热效应研究显示,随着烧结温度的变化,磁熵会发生显著的变化。在外加磁场为3 T、烧结温度为1300°C时,相对冷却能(RCP)为89 J/kg。因此,该化合物可以考虑作为在室温附近或低于室温的潜在磁制冷材料。