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In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatment for HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems. In general, traditional
medicines are not well researched, and are poorly regulated. We review the evidence and safety concerns related to the use
of two specific African herbals, which are currently recommended by the Ministry of Health in South Africa and member states
for use in HIV: African Potato and Sutherlandia. We review the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these herbal
medicines. Despite the popularity of their use and the support of Ministries of Health and NGOs in some African countries,
no clinical trials of efficacy exist, and low-level evidence of harm identifies the potential for drug interactions with antiretroviral
drugs. Efforts should be made by mainstream health professionals to provide validated information to traditional healers and
patients on the judicious use of herbal remedies. This may reduce harm through failed expectations, pharmacologic adverse
events including possible drug/herb interactions and unnecessary added therapeutic costs. Efforts should also be directed
at evaluating the possible benefits of natural products in HIV/AIDS treatment. 相似文献
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Saef Izzy Alexander Brown-Whalen Taha Yahya Aliyah Sarro-Schwartz Gina Jin Joon Yong Chung Sevda Lule Liza M. Morsett Ali Alquraini Limin Wu Suzanne E. Hickman Michael J. Whalen Joseph El Khoury 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Repetitive closed head injury (rCHI) is commonly encountered in young athletes engaged in contact and collision sports. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) including rCHI has been reported to be an important risk factor for several tauopathies in studies of adult humans and animals. However, the link between rCHI and the progression of tau pathology in adolescents remains to be elucidated. We evaluated whether rCHI can trigger the initial acceleration of pathological tau in adolescent mice and impact the long-term outcomes post-injury. To this end, we subjected adolescent transgenic mice expressing the P301S tau mutation to mild rCHI and assessed tau hyperphosphorylation, tangle formation, markers of neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits at 40 days post rCHI. We report that rCHI did not accelerate tau pathology and did not worsen behavioral outcomes compared to control mice. However, rCHI induced cortical and hippocampal microgliosis and corpus callosum astrocytosis in P301S mice by 40 days post-injury. In contrast, we did not find significant microgliosis or astrocytosis after rCHI in age-matched WT mice or sham-injured P301S mice. Our data suggest that neuroinflammation precedes the development of Tau pathology in this rCHI model of adolescent repetitive mild TBI. 相似文献
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