Transmission of signals, whether on-chip or off-chip, places severe constraints on timing and extracts a large price in energy. New silicon device technologies, such as back-plane CMOS, provide a programmable and adaptable threshold voltage as an additional tool that can be used for low power design. We show that one particularly desirable use of this freedom is energy-efficient high-speed transmission across long interconnects using multi-valued encoding. Our multi-valued CMOS circuits take advantage of the threshold voltage control of the transistors, by using the signal-voltage-to-threshold-voltage span, in order to make area-efficient implementations of 4-PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) transceivers operating at high speed. In a comparison of a variety of published technologies, for signal transmission with interconnects of 10-15 mm length, we show up to 50% improvement in energy for on-chip signal transmission over binary encoding together with higher limits for operating speeds without a penalty in circuit noise margin. 相似文献
The secure operation of autonomous vehicle networks in the presence of adversarial observation is examined, in the context of a canonical double-integrator-network (DIN) model. Specifically, we study the ability of a sentient adversary to estimate the full network’s state, from noisy local measurements of vehicle motions. Algebraic, spectral, and graphical characterizations are provided, which indicate the critical role of the inter-vehicle communication topology and control scheme in achieving security. 相似文献
An approach to laser dressing of alumina grinding wheels is proposed based on solidification microstructures associated with rapid cooling rates obtained in laser surface processing. Laser dressing of alumina grinding wheels forms surface microstructures characterized by multifaceted grains that are expected to facilitate the micro-scale material removal during precision machining. A detailed investigation of variation of grain size and melt depth with laser fluence is conducted. The results are correlated with calculated cooling rates derived from a thermal model. In addition, based on microscopic observations, the formation of surface grains by stacking of individual multifaceted grains formed during laser dressing is suggested. 相似文献
In game theoretical analysis of incentive mechanisms, all players are assumed to be rational. Since it is likely that mechanism participants in the real world may not be fully rational, such mechanisms may not work as effectively as in the idealized settings for which they were designed. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the robustness of incentive mechanisms against various types of agents with bounded rational behaviors. Such evaluations would provide us with the information needed to choose mechanisms with desired properties in real environments. In this article, we first propose a general robustness measure, inspired by research in evolutionary game theory, as the maximal percentage of invaders taking non-equilibrium strategies such that the agents sustain the desired equilibrium strategy. We then propose a simulation framework based on evolutionary dynamics to empirically evaluate the equilibrium robustness. The proposed simulation framework is validated by comparing the simulated results with the analytical predictions based on a modified simplex analysis approach. Finally, we implement the proposed simulation framework for evaluating the robustness of incentive mechanisms in reputation systems for electronic marketplaces. The results from the implementation show that the evaluated mechanisms have high robustness against a certain non-equilibrium strategy, but is vulnerable to another strategy, indicating the need for designing more robust incentive mechanisms for reputation management in e-marketplaces. 相似文献
Adaptive stabilization of a class of linear systems with matched and unmatched uncertainties is considered in this paper.
The proposed controller indeed stabilizes the uncertain system for any positive values of its non-adaptive gain that may be
tuned to enhance dynamic response of system. The performance of uncertain system along with the Algebraic Riccati Equation
that arises from the adaptive stabilizing controller is now formulated as a multi-objective Linear Matrix Inequality optimization
problem. The decay rate and a factor governing the ultimate bound of the system states are considered to characterize the
closed loop system performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated via stabilizing a mass-spring
system.
Recommended by Editorial Board member Gang Tao under the direction of Editor Young Il Lee. The authors would like to thank
the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that have improved the quality of this paper.
Sandip Ghosh received the B.E. in Electrical Engineering from Bengal Engineering College (D.U.), Howrah, and Master in Control System
Engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, in 1999 and 2003 respectively. Presently he is pursuing the Ph.D. degree
at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His research interests include adaptive control, robust control and control
of time-delay systems.
Sarit K. Das is a Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. He received the Ph.D.
degree in 1985 from the same department. His research interests include design of periodic controller, decoupling of multivariable
systems, modeling and robust control of complex systems.
Goshaidas Ray is a Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. He received the Ph.D.
degree in 1982 from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. His research interests include modeling, estimation, model-based
control, intelligent control, robotic systems and distributed control systems. 相似文献
In this paper, an all-optical miniaturized binary to gray code converter is designed and analyzed. The all-optical domain is now an alternative for electronic devices, where performance and speed are the key issues. Code converters are significantly used in digital data transmission in the areas of error detection and correction. Gray code is one of the cyclic codes, where the cyclic shift of each codeword is also a code word. An all-optical XOR gate, realized using a Y-shaped power combiner is used in this design to generate the desired gray code from the given binary code. The insertion loss and extinction ratio parameters are found to be 0.347 dB and 22.26 dB, respectively. The entire simulation is carried out using finite-difference time-domain method. The obtained practical results are verified mathematically using MATLAB.
Failure analysis of a steel chimney used in a lime plant was carried out. The chimney broke from two different locations during a storm. During the site visit, it was observed that the chimney was dislodged from weld joints. The chimney was made up of hot rolled mild steel plates. Investigations were carried out on the failed chimney plate and welding between plates. The investigation consists of visual observation, chemical analysis, characterization of macro- and microstructures, measurement of hardness, tensile property tests and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Calculation of wind load at the location of breakage was also carried out. EDS analysis revealed entrapment of slag inside weld. Overall analysis suggested that the failure took place due to selection of improper reconditioning technique as well as poor workmanship in welding. 相似文献