Natürliche Antioxidantien V Antioxidantien und Synergisten aus antarktischem Krill

Natural Antioxidants V: Antioxidants and Synergists of Antarctic Krill Addition of meat of antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) to other food increases their resistance concerning the oxidative decay. It is possible to isolate the antioxidative principle from krill and to separate it into a lipophile and a hydrophile fraction. The lipophile component is found as α-tocopherol, the hydrophile as synergeticly efficient mixture of 13–20 free amino acids.     

Ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung unterschiedlicher Gemische von Öl-, Linol- und Linolensäure bei wachsenden Schweinen. 2. Einfluß auf Depotfette und Blutlipide

Physiological Effect of Various Mixtures of Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Growing Pigs: 2. Influence on Depot Fats and Blood Lipids At the end of the feeding trials described extensively in the first contribution, from all animals saddle bacon and leaf fat as well as serum lipids have been investigated on effects of the various food fats. Earlier results have been confirmed according to which the increased supply of unsaturated fatty acids results in an increase of the content in depot fat and in a decrease of palmitic and stearic acid. The storage of linoleic and linolenic acids is linked to the consumed amount of these acids in a linear way. Some hints have been found for the occurrence of yellow fat desease that besides the deficiency of vitamin E an enzyme activating effect of higher amounts of linolenic acid may be responsible. Furthermore the attacked animals showed a linear dependence of the fat content in the yellow tissue from its peroxide value. As well linolenic acid as oleic acid led to a significant decrease of the serum triglycerides. Besides, linolenic acid lowered the content of serum cholesterol, whereas linoleic acid caused a significant increase of the HDL content.     

Die Bestimmung der Schmelz- und Erstarrungs- Temperaturen von Fetten

Determination of Melting and Solidification Temperatures of Fats Considerable fluctuations in results are observed when solidification temperatures, and, especially melting temperatures are determined by customary methods. In an apparatus developed by Walisch and Eberle, the sample is heated in an oven under linear increase in temperature, during which the temperature within the sample is measured. In pure glycerides and various fats, the resulting temperature-time curve enables detection of the polymorphic crystalline transformations and determination of the entire temperature region at which melting occurs. Reproducibility of the results was very good. In parallel studies using NMR-spectrometry, the amount of liquid part as a function of temperature was measured. The results agreed with melting diagrams. The cooling curve served for determining solidification point in a most reproducible manner and for detecting polymorphic transformations.     

Ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung unterschiedlicher Gemische von Öl-, Linol- und Linolensäure bei wachsenden Schweinen. 1. Einfluß auf Wachstum,Futterverwertung und Schlachtkörper-Zusammensetzung der Tiere

Physiological Effect of Various Mixtures of Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Growing Pigs: 1. Influence on Growth, Feed Conversion and Carcass Composition of the Animals The influence of increasing concentrations of oleic acid (25-43%), linoleic acid (19-34%) and linolenic acid (2-31%) on growth, feed conversion, carcass quality and the development of some internal organs has been investigated by a feeding trial over a range of 19 to 100 kg live weight with 72 pigs (male castrates, German Land Race) divided into 12 groups. Increasing amounts of oleic acid resulted in increasing daily gain and improved feed conversion. In the linoleic and linolenic acid series however performance (daily gain and feed conversion) was improved only up to 24% or 20% respectively, followed by a drastic decrease of performance at higher concentrations of these fatty acids. Investigation of carcass quality showed alterations in total fat content (decrease of back fat as well as lean to fat ration in the section at the 14^th thoratic vertebra) in the groups of the highest concentration of linolenic and linoleic acids. Effects on the development of the internal organs (enlargement of heart, liver, kidneys, thyroid glands and adrenal glands) were especially found in the groups with highest concentration of linolenic acid. In nearly all groups with a linolenic acid amount of 20% and more several cases - partly very serious ones - of yellow fat disease occurred.     

Isomere Monoensäuren in Pflanzenölen

Isomeric Monoenoic Acids in Vegetable Oils In the scope of systematic studies the fatty acids of oils from seed and fruits of 38 plants are investigated for presence of isomeric monoenoic acids with 16, 18 and 20 C-atoms. All analyzed oils contain between 2 and 4 hexadecenoic, octadecenoic and icosenoic acids with different position of the double bound. Vaccenic acid, the cis-11-octadecenoic acid, is always found in low quantities. Its share depends within certain limits on the content of the oils of cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, the so-called palmitoleic acid. Petroselinic acid, cis-6-octadecenoic acid, is found in apiaceae oils and also in the seed oil of some other plant families. Besides, 14 of the investigated oils contain low quantities of ω5-monoenoic acids.