Microarchitectures for Managing Chip Revenues under Process Variations

As transistor feature sizes continue to shrink intothe sub-90nm range and beyond, the effects of process variationson critical path delay and chip yields have amplified. A commonconcept to remedy the effects of variation is speed-binning, bywhich chips from a single batch are rated by a discrete range offrequencies and sold at different prices. In this paper, we discussstrategies to modify the number of chips in different bins andhence enhance the profits obtained from them. Particularly, wepropose a scheme that introduces a small Substitute Cacheassociated with each cache way to replicate the data elementsthat will be stored in the high latency lines. Assuming a fixedpricing model, this method increases the revenue by as much as13.8% without any impact on the performance of the chips.     

Generic visual analysis for multi- and hyperspectral image data

Multi- and hyperspectral imaging and data analysis has been investigated in the last decades in the context of various fields of application like remote sensing or microscopic spectroscopy. However, recent developments in sensor technology and a growing number of application areas require a more generic view on data analysis, that clearly expands the current, domain-specific approaches. In this context, we address the problem of interactive exploration of multi- and hyperspectral data, consisting of (semi-)automatic data analysis and scientific visualization in a comprehensive fashion. In this paper, we propose an approach that enables a generic interactive exploration and easy segmentation of multi- and hyperspectral data, based on characterizing spectra of an individual dataset, the so-called endmembers. Using the concepts of existing endmember extraction algorithms, we derive a visual analysis system, where the characteristic spectra initially identified serve as input to interactively tailor a problem-specific visual analysis by means of visual exploration. An optional outlier detection improves the robustness of the endmember detection and analysis. An adequate system feedback of the costly unmixing procedure for the spectral data with respect to the current set of endmembers is ensured by a novel technique for progressive unmixing and view update which is applied at user modification. The progressive unmixing is based on an efficient prediction scheme applied to previous unmixing results. We present a detailed evaluation of our system in terms of confocal Raman microscopy, common multispectral imaging and remote sensing.     

Krylov projection framework for Fourier model reduction

This paper analyzes the Fourier model reduction (FMR) method from a rational Krylov projection framework and shows how the FMR reduced model, which has guaranteed stability and a global error bound, can be computed in a numerically efficient and robust manner. By monitoring the rank of the Krylov subspace that underlies the FMR model, the projection framework also provides an improved criterion for determining the number of Fourier coefficients that are needed, and hence the size of the resulting reduced-order model. The advantages of applying FMR in the rational Krylov projection framework are demonstrated on a simple example.     

A Model for Cross-Domain Opinion Target Extraction in Sentiment Analysis

Opinion target extraction is one of the core tasks in sentiment analysis on text data. In recent years, dependency parser–based approaches have been commonly studied for opinion target extraction. However, dependency parsers are limited by language and grammatical constraints. Therefore, in this work, a sequential pattern-based rule mining model, which does not have such constraints, is proposed for cross-domain opinion target extraction from product reviews in unknown domains. Thus, knowing the domain of reviews while extracting opinion targets becomes no longer a requirement. The proposed model also reveals the difference between the concepts of opinion target and aspect, which are commonly confused in the literature. The model consists of two stages. In the first stage, the aspects of reviews are extracted from the target domain using the rules automatically generated from source domains. The aspects are also transferred from the source domains to a target domain. Moreover, aspect pruning is applied to further improve the performance of aspect extraction. In the second stage, the opinion target is extracted among the aspects extracted at the former stage using the rules automatically generated for opinion target extraction. The proposed model was evaluated on several benchmark datasets in different domains and compared against the literature. The experimental results revealed that the opinion targets of the reviews in unknown domains can be extracted with higher accuracy than those of the previous works.     

Nonlinear L2-by-3 transform for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the multicarrier modulation technique with high bandwidth efficiency and robustness against multipath fading, is used in several high-speed broadband communication systems including digital video broadcasting (DVB), digital audio broadcasting (DAB), asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), wireless local area network (WLAN IEEE 802.11a,g), high performance radio local area network (HIPERLAN 2), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX IEEE 802.16). However, the transmit signal in OFDM system has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), one of the major drawbacks of multicarrier transmission, and therefore high dynamic range is required in both the digital to analog converter (DAC) and the power amplifier (PA) for proper operation. Otherwise, the nonlinearities of PA cause out-of-band distortion and increase in bit error rate (BER). Therefore, the reduction in PAPR in OFDM system is desirable in order to obtain power efficiency and increase BER performance. In this paper, a new parametric PAPR reduction technique, L₂-by-3 transform from sliding norm transform (SNT) family is proposed. Based on its parameter, a significant PAPR reduction is obtained. This paper presents the analysis of power saving and computational complexity of the proposed method L₂-by-3 and comparison to two other methods; selected mapping and partial transmit sequence.     

Three-parameter (3P) weibull distribution for characterization of strength of ceramics showing R-Curve behavior

Strength distribution of advanced ceramics is commonly characterized by two-Parameter (2P) Weibull distribution. However, deviation of strength distribution from 2P-Weibull distribution may occur in ceramics due to various mechanisms. R-curve behavior is one of these mechanisms where increase of fracture resistance with the extension of crack occurs. In such cases, 2P-Weibull distribution may not be the best fitting distribution function based on the goodness-of-fitness tests. This article examines the effectiveness of three-parameter (3P) Weibull distribution function for fitting the strength variation due to R-curve effect by using experimental and virtual strength data. The effect of Weibull parameters, degree of increase in crack resistance and number of samples on effectiveness of fitting via 3P-Weibull distribution is investigated. It is reported that 3P-Weibull distribution function fits the strength distribution better than 2P-Weibull distribution function for materials showing R-curve behavior when the crack resistance curve is steep and Weibull modulus is high. Furthermore, it is shown that at least 100 samples should be used for a reliable estimate when the material exhibits R-curve behavior.     

Fatigue damage in composite cylinders

In this study, optimal angle‐ply orientation of symmetric composite cylinders under fatigue loading is investigated. The fiber‐reinforced plastic cylinders were manufactured from E‐glass/epoxy. The layers were manufactured symmetrically in [±75°]₂, [±60°]₂, [±55°]₂, and [±45°]₂ orientations. Burst pressure of filament‐wound composite cylinders under alternating pure internal pressure was measured experimentally. Internal fatigue pressure testing method was applied to the composite cylinders in close‐ended condition. For this study, a PLC controlled hydraulic pressure testing machine has been employed. The static burst pressure values of specimens were measured; subsequently, fatigue test pressure was applied in 70, 60, and 50% stress levels of burst pressure for each orientation. Damage propagations of the composite cylinders on these stress levels were observed as whitening, leakage, and final failure for [±60°]₂, [±55°]₂, and orientations. When the damage propagation of [±75°]₂ angle‐ply cylinder was observed, whitening and leakage did not occur and final failure occurred suddenly. Stress‐cycle curves obtained from the tests are given in graphics. Experimental results reveal that variation in stress levels and the winding angles have considerable effects on final failure cycles, which is also presented graphically. The optimum winding angle for the composite pressure cylinders or vessels under internal fatigue pressure load was obtained as [±45°]₂ orientation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Particle-based simulation of the interaction between fluid and knitwear

We present a particle-based method to simulate and visualize the interaction of knitwear with fluids. The knitwear is modeled using spring-mass systems and the fluid is modeled using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Two-way coupling is achieved by considering surface tension, capillary, and interparticle forces between the fluid and knitwear. The simulation of fluid and knitwear particles is performed on the graphics processing unit. Photorealistic rendering of knitwear and fluid is achieved by using a hardware-accelerated rasterization-based rendering technique. Our method is able to simulate and visualize the macro- and microstructure of free-form knitwear and reflective and refractive characteristics of the fluid surface.     

Using of Photoluminescent Tile for Evacuation of the Buildings During Electrical Failure

Photoluminescent pigments could be successfully applied on the wall tiles, floor tiles and porcelain tiles as well as glass substrates （glass mosaics, borders, and cutted glass with various designs）. For this applications, these products can be used for different purposes. In this study, these pigments are applied on the ceramic tiles and glass mosaics/tiles with traditional ceramic production line. These products are intentended to provide guidance in the event of a power failure. With this study also aimed to prevent potential accidents and injury during evacuation of building.