Key-dependent side-channel cube attack on CRAFT

CRAFT is a tweakable block cipher introduced in 2019 that aims to provide strong protection against differential fault analysis. In this paper, we show that CRAFT is vulnerable to side-channel cube attacks. We apply side-channel cube attacks to CRAFT with the Hamming weight leakage assumption. We found that the first half of the secret key can be recovered from the Hamming weight leakage after the first round. Next, using the recovered key bits, we continue our attack to recover the second half of the secret key. We show that the set of equations that are solvable varies depending on the value of the key bits. Our result shows that 99.90% of the key space can be fully recovered within a practical time.     

Recent Advances in Microalgal Bioactives for Food,Feed, and Healthcare Products: Commercial Potential,Market Space,and Sustainability

To combat food scarcity as well as to ensure nutritional food supply for sustainable living of increasing population, microalgae are considered as innovative sources for adequate nutrition. Currently, the dried biomass, various carotenoids, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, omega fatty acids, and enzymes are being used as food additives, food coloring agents, and food supplements. Apart from nutritional importance, microalgae are finding the place in the market as “functional foods.” When compared to the total market size of food and feed products derived from all the possible sources, the market portfolio of microalgae‐based products is still smaller, but increasing steadily. On the other hand, the genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced production of commercially important metabolites holds a great potential. However, the success of commercial application of genetically modified (GM) algae will be defined by their safety to human health and environment. In view of this, the present study attempts to highlight the industrially important microalgal metabolites, their production, and application in food, feed, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. The current and future market trends for microalgal products have been thoroughly discussed. Importantly, the safety pertaining to microalgae cultivation and consumption, and regulatory issues for GM microalgae have also been covered.     

Alkaline weight reduction and dyeing properties of black dope-dyed poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfibre fabrics

Sea–island-type, black dope-dyed poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfibre fabrics were compared with normal sea–island-type PET microfibres in terms of their thermal properties, alkaline weight reduction, and dyeing properties. A comparison of the weight reduction behaviours of the two microfibre yarns revealed that the microfibre yarn containing carbon black exhibited a higher dissolution speed than that containing no carbon black. The incorporation of carbon black particles in the polyester fibre matrix therefore accelerates the degradation of the less crystalline sea component during alkali treatment. A cationic dye staining method was used to monitor the alkaline dissolution behaviour of the sea–island-type PET microfibres, and compared with the K/S values and the colour difference, the f_k value is the most-desirable indicator for determination of the termination point of the alkaline dissolution process. The colour strength and the colour fastness of the dope-dyed sea–island-type PET microfibre fabrics are superior to those of the normal type.     

In silico allicin induced S-thioallylation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused due to new coronavirus infection with ³716075 deaths across the world as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) plays a vital role in the replication of coronavirus and thus an attractive target for the screening of inhibitors for the therapy of COVID-19. The preclinical drugs ebselen and PX-12 are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro and covalently modifies the active site Cys-145 residue of M^pro through selenosulfide/disulfide. In the current report, using virtual screening methods, reactive sulfur species allicin is subjecting for covalent docking at the active site of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro using PX-12 as a benchmark reference compound. The results indicate that allicin induces dual S-thioallylation of Cys-145 and Cys-85/ Cys-156 residues of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro. Using density functional theory (DFT), Gibbs free energy change (DG) is calculated for the putative reactions between N-acetylcysteine amide thiol and allicin/allyl sulfenic acid. The overall reaction is exergonic and allyl disulfide of Cys-145 residue of M^pro is involved in a sulfur mediated hydrogen bond. The results indicate that allicin causes dual S-thioallylation of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro which may be of interest for treatment and attenuation of ongoing coronavirus infection.     

The magnetostatic waves in ferrite film with losses

The influence of relaxation processes on dispersion equation solutions for surface and volume magnetostatic waves (MSW) propagating in a ferrite film is theoretically investigated. It is shown that dissipation is the main reason for the appearance of complementary MSW branches in frequency intervals which adjoin standard branches in spectra. The existence of threshold MSW wave numbers which upper bound the spectra of possible wave numbers is established. Asymptotic frequencies anf frequencies corresponding to the threshold values of wave numbers are calculated. The effects of dissipation on the ranges in which MSW exist are calculated. The frequency dispersion of the loss spectra is also calculated     

Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Defective Carbon Nanotubes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) having pristine structure(i.e.,structure without any defect) hold very high mechanical properties.However,CNTs suffer from defects which can appear at production stage,purification stage or be deliberately introduced by irradiation with energetic particles or by chemical treatment.In this article,mechanical properties of single-walled nanotubes with defects are studied under both compressive and tensile loads using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.Two types of defect-Stone-Wales and...     

The use of natural Areca catechu dyes for silk and nylon and its halochromic effect

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the use of betel nut (Areca catechu) extract solution as a natural dye for the use of dyeing for silk and nylon. Chemical structure of betel nut extracted solution was confirmed by using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and thermal properties also measured for determining the proper dyeing temperature. In order to optimise the colouration properties, variable dyeing parameters (temp, pH and mordant type) was studied. The halochromic effect of synthesised natural dye was analysed by using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Additionally dye build-up, colour fastness properties of both fabrics were compared.     

Investigation of alkaline hydrolysis of phthalimide‐based azo dye and its application to after‐treatment optimisation for high‐fastness dyeing of polyesters

4‐Amino‐N‐methylphthalimide was prepared from phthalimide for use as a diazo component and was coupled with N,N‐Diethylaniline to produce a phthalimide‐derived monoazo disperse dye. The pseudo first‐order kinetics were confirmed by analyzing the dye hydrolysis under alkaline conditions using high performance liquid chromatography, and the optimal dyeing pH and alkali‐clearing conditions were proposed. The synthesised phthalimidyl disperse dyes exhibited excellent colour fastness with a mild alkaline after‐treatment instead of reduction clearing which results in a high biological oxygen demand and pH in conventional disperse dyeing wastewater.     

Study of crop growth parameters using Airborne Imaging Spectrometer data

High-spectral-resolution data of the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation were analysed to check their potential for extraction of information concerning crop growth parameters. Reflectance spectra of wheat plots at different growth stages were generated to study the position of red edge. The shift of inflection wavelength towards longer wavelength was observed with increase in Leaf Area Index (LAI) and chlorophyll content. For the range of LAI from 0.08 to 3.16 and chlorophyll content from 2 to 39 (gm^-2), the shift of inflection wavelength was observed in the range of 713-723 nm. A linear relationship was observed between the inflection wavelength and LAI as well as chlorophyll content.