DIRECT OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE TO ACETALDEHYDE IN A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE REACTOR†

A hollow fiber membrane reactor, which resembles a tube-and-shell heat exchanger, was developed for homogeneous catalytic reactions with gas reactants and products. The gas stream flows through the tube side while the reaction takes place in the catalyst solution which fills the shell side. The separation load of product from the catalyst solution can be reduced by using a hollow fiber membrane reactor instead of a conventional bubble column reactor. The reactor operates in a plug-flow pattern with a large mass transfer area per unit volume of catalyst solution

This concept was investigated experimentally using the direct oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde reaction in an aqueous solution of palladium (H) chloride-cupric chloride with a silicone rubber membrane reactor and a polypropylene membrane reactor. It was experimentally demonstrated that membrane reactors could achieve higher production rates per unit volume of catalyst than the conventional sparged reactor. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions by the mathematical model. The conditions under which the membrane reactor will be more advantageous than the conventional sparged reactors can be readily ascertained with the analytical solution of the simplified membrane reactor model.     

既有建筑节能改造保温材料的NSGA-Ⅱ协同设计

保温措施是既有建筑节能改造中最有效的节能措施之一。在墙体节能改造设计中,保温材料种类及其厚度的确定是至关重要的,受到多个目标参数的制约和影响。基于反问题的研究方法,建立数值计算方法与多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ相结合的优化模型,以单位面积墙体全年总能耗和保温材料成本为目标参数,对成都地区某既有建筑墙体节能改造的保温材料种类与厚度进行了协同设计。结果表明,采用常规的保温厚度,常用的8种保温材料中有6种都不是最优解,但是可以通过改变保温材料的厚度或单价等方法使解向Pareto前沿逼近,以实现单位面积墙体年总能耗最小和改造成本最小之间的平衡。     

Hydrofluoric Acid-Removable Additive Optimizing Electrode Electrolyte Interphases with Li+ Conductive Moieties for 4.5 V Lithium Metal Batteries

High-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are capable to achieve the increasing energy density. However, their cycling life is seriously affected by unstable electrolyte/electrode interfaces and capacity instability at high voltage. Herein, a hydrofluoric acid (HF)-removable additive is proposed to optimize electrode electrolyte interphases for addressing the above issues. N, N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) aniline (DMPATMB) is used as the electrolyte additive to induce PF₆⁻ decomposition to form a dense and robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for suppressing Li dendrite growth. Moreover, DMPATMB can help to form highly Li⁺ conductive Li₃N and LiBO₂, which can boost the Li⁺ transport across SEI and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). In addition, DMPATMB can scavenge traced HF in the electrolyte to protect both SEI and CEI from the corrosion. As expected, 4.5 V Li|| LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ batteries with such electrolyte deliver 145 mAh g⁻¹ after 140 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹. This work provides a novel insight into high-voltage electrolyte additives for LMBs.     

Catalytically Induced Robust Inorganic-Rich Cathode Electrolyte Interphase for 4.5 V Li||NCM622 Batteries

Tailoring inorganic components of cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical to improving the cycling performance of lithium metal batteries. However, it is challenging due to complicated electrolyte reactions on cathode/anode surfaces. Herein, the species and inorganic component content of the CEI/SEI is enriched with an objectively gradient distribution through employing pentafluorophenyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate (PFBNBS) as electrolyte additive guided by engineering bond order with functional groups. In addition, a catalytic effect of LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂ (NCM622) cathode is proposed on the decomposition of PFBNBS. PFBNBS with lower highest occupied molecular orbital can be preferentially oxidized on the NCM622 surface with the help of the catalytic effect to induce an inorganic-rich CEI for superior electrochemical performance at high voltage. Moreover, PFBNBS can be reduced on the Li surface due to its lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital , increasing inorganic moieties in SEI for inhibiting Li dendrite generation. Thus, 4.5 V Li||NCM622 batteries with such electrolyte can retain 70.4% of initial capacity after 500 cycles at 0.2 C, which is attributed to the protective effect of the excellent CEI on NCM622 and the inhibitory effect of its derived CEI/SEI on continuous electrolyte decomposition.     

Container-Based Internet of Vehicles Edge Application Migration Mechanism

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications integrating with edge computing will significantly drive the growth of IoV. However, the contradiction between the high-speed mobility of vehicles, the delay sensitivity of corresponding IoV applications and the limited coverage and resource capacity of distributed edge servers will pose challenges to the service continuity and stability of IoV applications. IoV application migration is a promising solution that can be supported by application containerization, a technology forseamless cross-edge-server application migration without user perception. Therefore, this paper proposes the container-based IoV edge application migration mechanism, consisting of three parts. The first is the migration trigger determination algorithm for cross-border migration and service degradation migration, respectively, based on trajectory prediction and traffic awareness to improve the determination accuracy. The second is the migration target decision calculation model for minimizing the average migration time and maximizing the average service time to reduce migration times and improve the stability and adaptability of migration decisions. The third is the migration decision algorithm based on the improved artificial bee colony algorithm to avoid local optimal migration decisions. Simulation results show that the proposed migration mechanism can reduce migration times, reduce average migration time, improve average service time and enhance the stability and adaptability of IoV application services.     

活性石灰在冶金生产中的应用

介绍了活性石灰在炼钢、铁水预处理、精炼、烧结等冶金生产中的应用。     

基于线性输入输出关系的空间连杆机构设计

通过对机构设计要求和初始条件的分析,提出两种典型的设计方案,一种是RSSR机构,另一种是双RSSR机构。以CATIA为平台,按自顶向下的设计思路,进行空间连杆机构的结构设计,并在CATIA运动模拟机构中进行运动模拟,比较了两种方案的运动传递特性。分析指出,在输入角度较小的情况下,两种机构的输入量与输出量之间均能保持良好的线性关系;适当选择构件尺寸,双RSSR机构能基本保持输出与输入相等。而RSSR机构能否保持输出与输入相等主要受到初始条件的限制。     

发烟硫酸条件下环己酮肟贝克曼重排工艺进展

综述了环己酮肟在发烟硫酸条件下液相重排生成己内酰胺的相关新工艺、新设备及新技术,并对其进行了概括和分析.     

低灰熔点无烟煤煤焦与CO_2催化气化特性研究

利用碱金属碳酸盐作催化剂,对低灰熔点无烟煤煤焦与CO2的催化气化反应活性进行研究.结果表明,反应活性主要受温度、催化剂种类及担载量的影响,催化活性顺序为:K2CO3Na2CO3Li2CO3,煤焦的反应活性随着催化剂担载量的增加而提高;在反应过程中,催化剂与煤焦中的物质会发生一定程度的反应,生成不溶性盐;煤焦的比表面积会随着催化剂担载量的增大而减小,但催化活性反而增强,其主要受到催化剂提供的反应活性中心的影响.     

不同预热温度WC增强镍基合金堆焊层的微结构演化与摩擦学性能

目的 研究不同预热温度(200、400 ℃)条件下硬质颗粒增强镍基合金堆焊层的微观组织结构演化机理,以及对其力学性能、磨损性能的影响规律。方法 采用等离子弧焊接技术在42CrMo钢基体表面堆焊硬质WC颗粒增强镍基强化层,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,分析不同预热温度堆焊层的物相组成、微观组织形貌、力学性能和磨损性能,建立堆焊层制备工艺–微观组织结构–力学性能–磨损性能之间的强映射关系。结果 堆焊层主要由γ-Ni/Fe、WC、W2C、M7C3、M23C6、Ni2W4C、Cr3C2等物相组成,在预热温度200 ℃下堆焊层二次碳化物析出较少,发生了严重的WC颗粒沉降现象;在预热温度400 ℃下,堆焊层析出了大量的二次碳化物,WC颗粒沉降减弱,组织均匀性提高。在400 ℃下预热,相较于200 ℃下预热,堆焊层的磨损质量减少了51.85%,磨损率减少了51.89%。结论 高预热温度和长保温时间可促进WC颗粒界面反应,驱动大面积二次碳化物的析出,有效缓解WC颗粒沉降,改善凝固组织中WC颗粒的分布均匀性,从而显著提高堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性。