We investigated rutile-type titanium dioxide (TiO2) films for possible use as a high-k gate insulator. The TiO2 thin films were directly deposited on Si substrates using a RF magnetron sputtering method with a sintered oxide target. A single phase of rutile-type TiO2 whose dielectric constant of approximately 75 was obtained when the film was deposited in an inert gas atmosphere and annealed at 800 °C in an oxidizing gas atmosphere. The oxygen ions were deficient in the as-deposited film, and consequently, a sufficient oxygen supply was needed to crystallize the film to a single phase of rutile during the post-annealing. However, the interfacial SiO2 layer between the TiO2 and the Si substrate simultaneously grew thicker than 2 nm. As the interfacial SiO2 grew, the leakage current was decreased and the equivalent oxide thickness was increased, in the Au/rutile-type TiO2/Si capacitor. Therefore, we concluded that the growth of the interfacial SiO2 layer thicker than 2 nm is inevitable to form the single phase of rutile-type TiO2 and to decrease the leakage. 相似文献
In this paper novel modified Hermite polynomial functions for use in impulse radio (ultra-wideband) communications are proposed. With these functions pulse shapes which are orthogonal and have nearly constant pulse width regardless of the pulse order are generated. These properties hold under the effects of differentiation. An M-ary communication system is constructed using these pulse shapes. A Matlab model for generating the pulses is designed and the effect of timing jitter on the performance of the system is investigated by computer simulation. 相似文献
White LED is considered as a strong candidate for the future lighting technology. We have proposed an optical wireless communication
system that employs white LEDs for indoor wireless networks. In this system, LED is used not only as a lighting device, but
also as a communication device. The transmitter has large optical power and large emission characteristics to function as
lighting device. And the system has specific wireless channel impulse response differing from infrared wireless communication.
In this paper, we discuss about shadowing effect on the system utilizing plural LED lightings including the performance of
ISI based on the impulse response. We consider the downlink transmission based on TDMA and evaluate the shadowing effect caused
by pedestrians with computer simulation. When the shadowing often occurs at 800 Mb/s, the performance of outage call duration
rate and blocking rate are improved by using 3 LED lightings compared with 1 or 2 LED lightings. And, we show that the system
with the optimal number of the LED lighting is robust against shadowing and can accommodate more calls.
Toshihiko Komine was born in Shizuoka, Japan, on November 17, 1978. He received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in Information and Computer Science
from Keio University, Yokohama, Japan, in 2001 and 2003 respectively. He is currently studying for the Ph.D. degree at Department
of Information and Computer Science, Keio University. His current research interests are optical wireless communications and
LED communications.
Shinichiro Haruyama is a professor at Department of Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama,
Japan. He received an M.S. in engineering science from University of California at Berkeley in 1983 and a Ph.D. in computer
science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990. He worked for Bell Laboratories of AT{&}T and Lucent Technologies,
U.S.A from 1991 to 1996, and for Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. from 1998 to 2002. His research interests include
reconfigurable system, system design automation, wireless communication, and visible light communication.
Masao Nakagawa was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1946. He received the B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Keio University,
Yokohama, Japan, in 1969, 1971 and 1974 respectively. Since 1973, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering,
Keio University, where he is now a Professor. His research interests are in CDMA, consumer Communications, Mobile communications,
ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), Wireless Home Networks, and Visible light Communication. He received 1989 IEEE Consumer
Electronics Society Paper Award, 1999-Fall Best Paper Award in IEEE VTC, IEICE Achievement Award in 2000, IEICE Fellow Award
in 2001. He was the executive committee chairman on International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications
in 1992 and the technical program committee chairman of ISITA (International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications)
in 1994. He is an editor of Wireless Personal Communications and was a guest editor of the special issues on “CDMA Networks
I, II, III and IV” published in IEEE JSAC in 1994 (I and II) and 1996 (III and IV). He chairs the Wireless Home Link sub-committee
in MMAC (Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Promotion Committee). 相似文献
Abstract— A high‐pixel‐rate, high‐contrast (30,000:1) wide‐color‐gamut grating‐light‐valve laser projector is reported. A new optical engine enabling high‐frame‐rate (240 Hz) scan projection is employed. Panoramic wide‐angle‐scan projection with a 64:9 aspect ratio was also developed. Speckle noise is eliminated using a simple but highly efficient technique. The optical throughput efficiency of the grating‐light‐valve laser projector is reviewed. 相似文献
Renal glomerular fibrosis was observed in a 1-year-old spayed female Japanese domestic cat that showed clinically advanced renal failure. In the glomeruli, increased homogeneous materials were stained strongly with aniline blue by Masson's trichrome and positive for anti-type III collagen antibody by immunohistochemical staining, causing mesangial sclerosis and capillary collapse. By electron microscopy, randomly arranged fibrils were observed in the expanded subendothelial and mesangial areas, and the fibrils showed periodicity characteristic of collagen fibers in longitudinal sections. These findings of glomerular lesions closely resemble those of human "collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy," which has recently been described as a new type of glomerulonephropathy. 相似文献
Wake structure of a single “clean bubble”, rising in rectilinear, zigzagging or spiraling path, is experimentally investigated. A single nitrogen gas bubble was produced in a silicone oil pool and the wake structure development in the rear of the rising bubble was visualized by using photochromic dye. The flexibility of this visualization method enabled us to distinguish wake from drift easily. Both bubble motion and wake structure were recorded by using stereo high-speed video camera simultaneously. We present the first experimental support for the existence of the standing eddy at the rear of the clean bubble, as predicted by a previous numerical study by Ryskin and Leal [1984. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 148, 19-35], Dandy and Leal [1986. Physics of Fluids 29(5), 1360-1366] and Blanco and Magnaudet [1995. Physics of Fluids 7(6), 1265-1274]. We study motion of a pair of vortex filaments, which is called double-threaded type wake, in the case of bubble rising in an axi-asymmetric path. Visualization results of multiple formations of horse-shoe type vortices in one period of zigzag motion of rising bubble with shape oscillations, which has not been observed in previous studies are also presented. 相似文献
The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods. 相似文献
The tetragonality and carbon distribution in tempered Fe-0.6C-1Mn martensite were investigated by X-ray diffraction and atom probe tomography to elucidate strain relaxation in the tetragonal lattice during tempering and its relationship with the solubility of excess carbon in martensite. Even though tetragonality (c/a) decreased with an increase in the tempering temperature, it persisted at low levels up to 400 °C. Si addition suppressed the decrease in tetragonality at 400 °C by inhibiting recovery in the dislocated matrix. Such persistence implies that dislocation migration is crucial for the complete release of tetragonal lattice strain at such a temperature, in addition to the decrease in the amount of solute carbon in martensite. A low level of tetragonality was observed for martensite containing carbon in the solid solution below the critical value of ~ 0.2 mass pct, at which a bcc structure was predicted. The amount of solute carbon after tempering was linearly correlated with tetragonality in the solute carbon content range of 0.07 to 0.6 mass pct, and the correlation coefficient was similar to those for as-quenched auto-tempered martensite and bainitic ferrite; these results indicate that the amount of excess carbon is simply determined by the amount of tetragonal lattice distortions remaining after carbide precipitation and recovery.