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排序方式: 共有417条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A beam propagation method (BPM) based on the finite element method (FEM) is described for longitudinally varying three-dimensional (3-D) optical waveguides. In order to avoid nonphysical reflections from the computational window edges, the transparent boundary condition is introduced. The present algorithm using the Pade approximation is, to our knowledge, the first wide-angle finite element beam propagation method for 3-D waveguide structures. To show the validity and usefulness of this approach, numerical results are shown for Gaussian-beam excitation of a straight rib waveguide and guided-mode propagation in a Y-branching rib waveguide 相似文献
2.
Namsin Park Takeyuki Shiraishi Kazuyoshi Kamisugi Yoshitaka Hara Keita Iizuka Takashi Kado Shuzi Hayase 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):371-375
A direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), which is less prone to ethanol crossover, is reported. The cell consists of PtRu/C catalyst as the anode, Nafion® 117 membrane, and Ni–Co–Fe (NCF) composite catalyst as the cathode. The NCF catalyst was synthesized by mixing Ni, Co, and Fe complexes into a polymer matrix (melamine-formaldehyde resins), followed by heating the mixture at 800 °C under inert atmosphere. TEM and EDX experiments suggest that the NCF catalyst has alloy structures of Ni, Co and Fe. The catalytic activity of the NCF catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was compared with that of commercially available Pt/C (CAP) catalyst at different ethanol concentrations. The decrease in open circuit voltage (Voc) of the DEFC equipped with the NCF catalysts was less than that of CAP catalyst at higher ethanol concentrations. The NCF catalyst was less prone to ethanol oxidation at cathode even when ethanol crossover occurred through the Nafion®117 film, which prevents voltage drop at the cathode. However, the CAP catalyst did oxidize ethanol at the cathode and caused a decrease in voltage at higher ethanol concentrations. 相似文献
3.
To unlock the full potential of evolution in digital media, a Tierra-like system using network-type assembly-like language
has been constructed. In the system, like Avida, digital creatures, self-replicating programs, live in a discrete 2D torus
space and an interaction between creatures is restricted locally. Bearing a genetic network in mind, network structure is
introduced. In the previous works, it is shown that the possibility that the network-type model has more potential of evolution
than a linear-type model like Avida in a simple environment. In this paper, to study the potential of evolution more precisely,
we model the effects of environment other than creatures. As one of the simplest models of such environment, the cost of execution,
i.e. executing time, is introduced. The difficult environment to live in costs high to execute instructions, the easy environment
does low. In computer experiments, we have investigated the influence of change in environment by analyzing the process of
evolution and diversity of the system. Experimental results show that the network-type system keeps more stable diversity
than the linear-type system does, even when the environment changes drastically. This indicates the possibility that the network-type
system has more potential of evolution than the linear-type system has.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
4.
The current model for the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Dictyostelium discoideum is based on extensive experimental studies of enzyme kinetics in vitro and of metabolite fluxes measured in vivo. In the previous papers (Shiraishi, F., and Savageau, M. A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22912-22918; 22919-22925; 22926-22933; 22934-22943) of this series we have carried out extensive analyses of the current model within the framework of biochemical systems theory with a view toward understanding the behavior of the integrated system. The model was found to be ill determined with respect to at least three of its features. In this paper we propose a minimal modification in the model that is consistent with previous experimental data but also includes recycling of amino acids for protein synthesis, one of the neglected features identified as important in the previous analysis. We again perform an analysis within the framework of biochemical systems theory to determine the systemic consequences of this change. The results show that the robustness of the modified model, as determined by the parameter sensitivities, is improved by 2 orders of magnitude over that of the previous model. Analysis of the dynamics shows that the turnover times for the pools of alanine, glutamate, and aspartate are reduced by 2 orders of magnitude and made more physiologically realistic. The distribution of flux is no longer rigidly fixed, and problems previously centered on the metabolism of pyruvate have been partially alleviated. Continued discrepancies lead us to question the degree to which kinetic data obtained with purified enzymes in vitro faithfully reflect the kinetic behavior of the integrated enzyme system in vivo. We must continue to re-examine the manner in which the kinetics of reactions in vivo are represented and to reassess the physical conditions that prevail in vitro and in vivo. Results in this paper direct our attention toward specific aspects of the system where these efforts should be focused. Thus, a minimal modification of the previous model has led to several improvements that make it more representative of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in D. discoideum, and the analysis in this paper leads to further predictions for improving the model. 相似文献
5.
Fumiaki Shiraishi 《程序员》2006,(9):34-39
对于如何提供补丁下载,单机PC游戏开发人员已经是轻车熟路了,这些补丁包里通常包含玩家需要手动更新的数据和二进制文件.但基本上.他们很少会为了补丁下载而创建一个“更新系统”。 相似文献
6.
Motility related protein 1 (MRP1/CD9) expression in colon cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Mori K Mimori T Shiraishi M Haraguchi H Ueo GF Barnard T Akiyoshi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,4(6):1507-1510
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the incidence and clinical significance of prolonged air leak (PAL) in patients undergoing radical upper lobectomy and to determine potential risk factors for PAL in this group of patients. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a prospective database. SETTING: Experience of one thoracic surgeon at a tertiary care cancer center. PATIENTS: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for non-small cell lung cancer over an 11-year period. MEASUREMENTS: PAL was defined as an air leak lasting >7 days. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed to determine the factors associated with PAL. RESULTS: PAL was the most prevalent postoperative complication, comprising 25.5% of all complications seen, and lasting an average of 12.1+/-5.3 days. In 21 of the 26 patients with PAL, this complication was the only morbidity identified. There was no statistically significant difference in patient age, gender, preoperative FEV1 and diffusion of carbon monoxide, exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, status of pulmonary fissures, or pathologic stage between the PAL group vs the remaining 74 patients without this complication. A significantly greater proportion of patients with PAL had FEV1/FVC ratio < or =50% (6/26 vs 5/74; p=0.02). Patients with PAL had significantly longer median length of hospital stay (11 vs 7 days; p=0.0001). Moreover, PAL was the single most common reason for an extended length of hospitalization (21/58, 36% of all causes). CONCLUSION: PAL is an alarmingly common postoperative complication and is the most frequent cause of an extended length of hospital stay in patients undergoing radical upper lobectomy. Severe obstructive pulmonary disease predisposes patients to the development of this complication. 相似文献
7.
Sulface modification of lithium was carried out using the chemical reaction of the native film with acids (HF, H3PO4, HI, HCl) dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC). The chemical composition change of the lithium surface was detected using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrodeposition of lithium on the as-received lithium or the modified lithium was conducted in PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiClO4 or LiPF6 under galvanostatic conditions. The morphology of electrodeposited lithium particles was observed with scanning electron microscopy. The lithium dendrites were observed when lithium was deposited on the as-received lithium in both electrolytes. Moreover the dendrites were also formed on the lithium surface modified with H3PO4, HI, or HCl. On the other hand, spherical lithium particles were produced, when lithium was electrodeposited in PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiPF6 on the lithium surface modified with HE However spherical lithium particles were not obtained, when PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiClO4 was used as the electrolyte. The lithium surface modified by H3PO4, HI, or HCl was covered with a thick film consisting of Li3PO4, Li2CO3, LiOH, or Li2O. The lithium surface modified with HF was covered with a thin bilayer structure film consisting of LiF and Li2O. These results clearly show that the surface film having the thin bilayer structure (LiF and Li2O) and the use of PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiPF6 enhance the suppression of dendrite formation of lithium. 相似文献
8.
Surface‐modified polypropylene (PP) films with thermally and photochemically sensitive copolymers consisting of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and 4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenyl methacrylate (MPAP), poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP)‐g‐PP (abbreviated g‐PP) film, were prepared by graft copolymerization with an Ar‐plasma postpolymerization technique. The surfaces of the g‐PP films were characterized by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the percentage grafting of poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP) with a number‐average molecular weight of 3.28 × 104 was 7.12%, and the molar ratio of HPMA–MPAH in the copolymer was 0.75:0.25. The stimuli‐sensitive adsorption of albumin and polystyrene microspheres on the g‐PP film was also measured. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 143–148, 2003 相似文献
9.
The liquefaction of wood in the presence of phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and the flow properties of the obtained liquefied wood were investigated. It was found that phosphoric acid is a satisfactory catalyst for liquefying wood. The amount of phenol that reacts with the liquefied wood components (i.e., combined phenol) increases with an increase in liquefaction temperature, liquefaction time, catalyst content, or liquid ratio. By removing the free phenol, the resulting liquefied woods become novolaclike resins. The measurements of the flow properties of these liquefied woods reveal that the melts of liquefied woods behave as pseudoplastics and their flows obey the Ostwald de Waele power law equation. The amount of combined phenol within the liquefied wood and the presence of filler in the liquefied wood have great influence on their flow properties. The flowing temperature, activation energy, and zero shear viscosity of the liquefied woods show tendencies to increase with an increase in combined phenol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Toshihiko Tanaka Norio Hasegawa Hiroshi Shiraishi Shinji Okazaki 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1992,32(20):1545-1549
The multiple interference effect is one of the major causes of the fluctuation in critical dimension control (CD) and in mark detection for alignment. Suppressing this effect is critical for future photolithography. We propose a new photolithography technique called anti reflective coating on resist (ARCOR), which improves linewidth accuracy and overlay accuracy by suppressing multiple interference. ARCOR consists of relatively simple processes: A clear antireflective film is spun onto the resist prior to the mark detecting for alignment and exposure. The film is subsequently removed and the resist developed in the conventional way. ARCOR differs from ARC, which suppresses the reflection at the resist/substrate interface. ARCOR suppresses the reflection at the air/resist interface. ARCOR allows mark detection and exposure without light intensity-loss and multiple interference. The experiments mainly examine polysiloxane and perfluoroalkylpolyether as ARCOR materials. It is shown that linewidth accuracy can be improved from 0.3 to 0.03 μm. The signal-to-noise ratio of the alignment signal is drastically improved, and the overlay error is about half that of the conventional method. ARCOR is also effective for directly measuring the reflectivity at the resist/substrate interface, which is a key parameter of the multiple interference effect and the halation. Using ARCOR and a thin resist film, the measured ratio of reflected light to incident light indicates the reflectivity at the resist/substrate interface. Because, the probe light does not reflect off the resist surface and the intensity-loss at the resist surface is suppressed. With perfluoroalkylpolyether film, the measurement error is ~ 1.5%. 相似文献