In Aqua Electrochemistry Probed by XPEEM: Experimental Setup,Examples, and Challenges

Recent developments in environmental and liquid cells equipped with electron transparent graphene windows have enabled traditional surface science spectromicroscopy tools, such as scanning X-ray photoelectron microscopy, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM), and scanning electron microscopy to be applied for studying solid–liquid and liquid–gas interfaces. Here, we focus on the experimental implementation of XPEEM to probe electrified graphene–liquid interfaces using electrolyte-filled microchannel arrays as a new sample platform. We demonstrate the important methodological advantage of these multi-sample arrays: they combine the wide field of view hyperspectral imaging capabilities from XPEEM with the use of powerful data mining algorithms to reveal spectroscopic and temporal behaviors at the level of the individual microsample or the entire array ensemble.     

Neutron Scattering Experiment on Solid 3He

Magnetic neutron scattering probes the order parameter symmetry and magnitude on the atomic length scale, as well as exchange parameters in a critical scattering experiment above the ordering temperature. Therefore we propose an experiment for magnetic neutron diffraction on solid ³ He. Difficulties arise from heat input and small signal intensities, both due to neutron absorption. Thus, a special design of neutron spectrometer, sample cell, and cryostat is required. We present calculated requirements of the involved components. We show the feasibility and possibilities of such an experiment along with first results of performance measurements of some of the parts.