A numerical technique for modeling fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks is presented. The proposed method couples the extended finite element method (X-FEM) [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 48 (11) (2000) 1549] to the fast marching method (FMM) [Level Set Methods & Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999]. The entire crack geometry, including one or more cracks, is represented by a single signed distance (level set) function. Merging of distinct cracks is handled naturally by the FMM with no collision detection or mesh reconstruction required. The FMM in conjunction with the Paris crack growth law is used to advance the crack front. In the X-FEM, a discontinuous function and the two-dimensional asymptotic crack-tip displacement fields are added to the finite element approximation to account for the crack using the notion of partition of unity [Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. 139 (1996) 289]. This enables the domain to be modeled by a single fixed finite element mesh with no explicit meshing of the crack surfaces. In an earlier study [Engng. Fract. Mech. 70 (1) (2003) 29], the methodology, algorithm, and implementation for three-dimensional crack propagation of single cracks was introduced. In this paper, simulations for multiple planar cracks are presented, with crack merging and fatigue growth carried out without any user-intervention or remeshing. 相似文献
An implementation of the Pentium microprocessor architecture in 0.6 μm BiCMOS technology is described. Power dissipation is reduced and performance is enhanced over the previous generation. Processor features, implementation technology, and circuit techniques are discussed. An internal clock rate of 150 MHz is achieved at 3.7 V and -55°C 相似文献
Partially crystalline Si3N4, with nanosized crystals and a specific surface area greater than 200 m2/g, is obtained by pyrolysis of a commercially available vinylic polysilane in a stream of anhydrous NH3 to 1000°C. This polymer does not contain N initially. Crystallization to high-purity α-Si3N4 proceeds with additional heating above 1400°C under N2. The changes in crystallinity, powder morphology, infrared spectra, and elemental compositions, for samples annealed from 1000° to 1600°C under N2, are consistent with an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Although macroscopic consolidation and local densification occur at 1400°C, volatilization and accompanying weight loss limit bulk densification. The effect of temperature on specific surface area is examined and related to the sintering process. These results are applicable to pyrolysis, decomposition, and crystallization studies of ceramics synthesized by polymeric precursor routes. 相似文献
Polymer-impregnated mortars were prepared by copolymerization of a monomer mixture of methyl methacrylate and styrene in the ratios of 13:87 and 40:60 using Co-60 gamma radiation. The copolymerization characteristics viz. the rate of polymerization, the extent of monomer loss, polymer loading, etc., were studied. The nature and molecular weight of the extractable polymer from the composite were determined. The flexural strength of the copolymer-impregnated composites was found to be better than that of the composites impregnated with component homopolymers. 相似文献
A new regular ABA-type triblock copolymer has been synthesized by polycondensation of the acid chloride of carboxy-terminated butadience-acrylonitrile rubber (CTBN) with hydroxyterminated polyethylene isophthalate (PEI) oligomer. This block copolymer was characterized by elemental (nitrogen) analysis, vapor pressure osmometry, viscometry, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative estimation of block segments has been carried out by measuring the area under peaks assigned to various protons in the NMR spectrum of the polymer. NMR spectral analysis has been found to agree well with the nitrogen analysis of the polymer. The solubility and solution viscosity behavior of the polymer has also been studied. 相似文献
In this paper, an approach has been made to produce a compressed audio without losing any information. The proposed scheme is fabricated with the help of dynamic cluster quantization followed by Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT) and Huffman coding. The encoding algorithm has been designed in two phases, i.e., dynamic cluster selection (of sampled audio) followed by dynamic bit selection for determining quantization level of individual cluster. Quantization level of each cluster is selected dynamically based on mean square quantization error (MSQE). Bit stream is further compressed by applying Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT) and Huffman code respectively. Experimental results are supported with current state-of-the-art in audio quality analysis (like statistical parameters (compression ratio, space savings, SNR, PSNR) along with other parameters (encoding time, decoding time, Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and entropy) and compared with other existing techniques.
An important task of speaker verification is to generate speaker specific models and match an input speaker’s utterance with these models. This paper focuses on comparing the performance of text dependent speaker verification system using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients feature and different Vector Quantization (VQ) based speaker modelling techniques to generate the speaker specific models. Speaker-specific information is mainly represented by spectral features and using these features we have developed the model which serves as an important entity for determining the claimed identity of the speaker. In the modelling part, we used Linde, Buzo, Gray (LBG) VQ, proposed adaptive LBG VQ and Fuzzy C Means (FCM) VQ for generating speaker specific model. The experimental results that are performed on microphonic database shows that accuracy significantly depends on the size of the codebook in all VQ techniques, and on FCM VQ accuracy also depend on the value of learning parameter of the objective function. Experiment results shows that how the accuracy of speaker verification system is depend on different representations of the codebook, different size of codebook in VQ modelling techniques and learning parameter in FCM VQ. 相似文献
Fixed-bed column studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of co-immobilized (activated carbon and Bacillus subtilis) (CI) beads for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The impact of various parameters such as initial Cr(VI) concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mg/L), flow rate (3, 9, and 15 mL/min), and bed depth (10, 15, and 20 cm) on Cr(VI) adsorption onto CI beads were investigated. The breakthrough time increased with a decrease in initial Cr(VI) concentration and flow rate, and an increase in bed height. The breakthrough data obtained for Cr(VI) removal was more adequately described by the Thomas model with high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.982). The eluent, 0.1 M NaOH, provided high elution efficiencies (~90 %) in all the six cycles. Obtained results pointed out that CI beads could potentially be used for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. 相似文献