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Processing of Silicon Carbide-Mullite-Alumina Nanocomposites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshio Sakka Donald D. Bidinger Ilhan A. Aksay 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(2):479-486
Nanocomposite materials in the form of nanometer-sized second-phase particles dispersed in a ceramic matrix have been shown to display enhanced mechanical properties. In spite of this potential, processing methodologies to produce these nanocomposites are not well established. In this paper, we describe a new method for processing SiC-mullite-Al2 O3 nanocomposites by the reaction sintering of green compacts prepared by colloidal consolidation of a mixture of SiC and Al2 O3 powders. In this method, the surface of the SiC particles was first oxidized to produce silicon oxide and to reduce the core of the SiC particles to nanometer size. Next, the surface silicon oxide was reacted with alumina to produce mullite. This process results in particles with two kinds of morphologies: nanometer-sized SiC particles that are distributed in the mullite phase and mullite whiskers in the SiC phase. Both particle types are immersed in an Al2 O3 matrix. 相似文献
5.
Toshinobu Yoko Toshio Nishiwaki Kanichi Kamiya Sumio Sakka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(5):1104-1111
Cu+ ⇌ R+ (R = Li, Na, and K) ion exchange experiments were conducted for 20R2 O·10Al2 O3 ·70SiO2 glasses in molten CuCl at 550°C in air and nitrogen atmospheres. The depth profiles of the copper incorporated into glasses were determined with an electron microprobe X-ray analyzer. The total amount of diffusing copper, M t , strongly depended on the type of alkali ion in the glass and the ion-exchange atmosphere; i.e., M t increased with increasing cationic size in the order Li < Na < K and M t was greater in air than in nitrogen. The Cu ⇌ R+ ion exchange kinetics are discussed in detail. 相似文献
6.
It is well known that in unidentifiable models, the Bayes estimation provides much better generalization performance than the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. However, its accurate approximation by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods requires huge computational costs. As an alternative, a tractable approximation method, called the variational Bayes (VB) approach, has recently been proposed and has been attracting attention. Its advantage over the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, often used for realizing the ML estimation, has been experimentally shown in many applications; nevertheless, it has not yet been theoretically shown. In this letter, through analysis of the simplest unidentifiable models, we theoretically show some properties of the VB approach. We first prove that in three-layer linear neural networks, the VB approach is asymptotically equivalent to a positive-part James-Stein type shrinkage estimation. Then we theoretically clarify its free energy, generalization error, and training error. Comparing them with those of the ML estimation and the Bayes estimation, we discuss the advantage of the VB approach. We also show that unlike in the Bayes estimation, the free energy and the generalization error are less simply related with each other and that in typical cases, the VB free energy well approximates the Bayes one, while the VB generalization error significantly differs from the Bayes one. 相似文献
7.
The SiK X-ray emission spectra of silicate and aluminosilicate glasses and crystals have been measured with an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and the chemical shifts of the SiK peak relative to that of SiO2 glass have been determined. Trends in the chemical shift of the SiK peak for Na2O-SiO2, Li2O-SiO2 and Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses were similar to those of their crystalline counterparts, indicating that the strength of the Si-O bond varies in the same way with composition in both glass and crystal. The chemical shift in alkali aluminosilicate glasses containing equal molar proportions of aluminium oxide and alkali oxide increased with decreasing SiO2 content, indicating that the Si-O bond also weakened in aluminosilicate glasses. The same effect was also observed when zirconia was added. The SiK bandwidths for Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses with the Al2O3: M2O ratio equal to one, remained almost the same as for SiO2 glass, indicating that the addition of alkali does not result in the formation of non-bridging oxygens in the framework if accompanied by Al2O3. 相似文献
8.
Allinson M Kageyama S Nakajima D Kamata R Shiraishi F Goto S Salzman SA Allinson G 《Water science and technology》2012,66(4):768-774
In 2007, samples of treated effluent were collected at point of discharge to the environment from 39 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located across Victoria, Australia grouped by treatment type. Sample genotoxicity was assessed with a high-throughput luminescent umu test method using Salmonella typhimurium TL210 strain, with and without addition of a commercially available metabolic activation system. Samples were also screened using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric mass-structure database recognition method. A genotoxic response was observed in half of the samples tested without metabolic activation system (相似文献
9.
Lattice and grain-boundary interdiffusion coefficients were calculated from the concentration distributions determined for Zr-Hf interdiffusion in polycrystalline 16Y2O3·84(Zr1–x
Hf
x
)O2 withx=0.020 and 0.100. The lattice interdiffusion coefficients were described byD=0.031 exp [–391 (kJ mol–1)/RT] cm2 sec–1 and the grain-boundary diffusion parameters byD=1.5×10–6exp [–309(kJ mol–1)/RT] cm3 sec–1 in the temperature range 1584–2116° C. Comparison of the results with those for the systems CaO-(Zr+Hf)O2 and MgO-(Zr+Hf)O2 indicated that the Zr self-diffusion coefficient was insensitive to the dopants in the fluorite-cubic ZrO2 solid solutions. 相似文献
10.
Computational cavitation flows at inception and light stages on an axial-flow pump blade and in a cage-guided control valve 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Cavitation flows induced around an axial-flow pump blade and inside a high pressure cage-type valve are simu-lated by a two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes analysis with the simplest treatment of bubble dynamics.Thefluid is assumed as a continuum of homogeneous dispersed mixture of water and vapor nuclei.The analysis isaimed to capture transient stages with high amplitude pressure change during the birth and collapse of the bubbleespecially at the stage of cavitation inception.By the pump blade analysis,in which the field pressure is moderate,cavitation number of the inception and locations of developed cavitation are found to agree with experimental re-suits in a wide flow range between high incidence and negative incidence.In the valve flow analysis,in which thewater pressure of 5MPa is reduced to 2MPa,pressure change responding to the bubble collapse between the vaporpressure lower than 1 KPa and the extreme pressure of higher than 10~4 KPa is captured through a stable computa-tion.Location of the inception bubble and pressure force to the valve plug is found agree well with the respectiveexperimental features. 相似文献