Cutting of Y2O3-doped TZP rods by a low-speed diamond saw introduces an unidentified, metastable phase X (x -ZrO2) coexisting with the tetragonal ( t -ZrO2) and the monoclinic ( m -ZrO2) phases initially present in the sample. Further mechanical deformation of the cut surface by indentation or polishing sustains the x -ZrO2. Chemical etching removes the x -ZrO2 and increases the m -ZrO2content. 相似文献
Model simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM; MOM4p1), coupled with a state-of-the-art biogeochemical model TOPAZ (Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton), which includes multi-nutrient limitations including iron limitation, are used to study the seasonal variations of mixed-layer properties and their influence on nutrients and chlorophyll in the Arabian Sea. The spatial variation of nitrate during the Northeast Monsoon (NEM) and Southwest Monsoon (SWM), in the northern and western parts of the Arabian Sea and coast of Somalia, are very well captured by the model and compare well with observations. Modelled chlorophyll and primary productivity are validated with satellite-derived maps for the Arabian Sea. 相似文献
A novel image encryption framework is proposed in this article. A new chaotic map and a pseudorandom bit generator are proposed. Apart from this, a novel image encryption system is designed based on the proposed map and the proposed pseudorandom bit generator. These three are the major contributions of this work that makes a complete cryptosystem. The proposed new chaotic map is proposed which will be known as the ‘RCM map’ and its chaotic property is studied based on Devaney’s theory. The proposed pseudorandom bit generator is tested using the NIST test suite. The proposed method is simple to implement and does not involve any highly complex operations. Moreover, the proposed method is completely lossless, and therefore cent percent of data can be recovered from the encrypted image. The decryption process is also simple to implement i.e. just reverse of the encryption procedure. A scrambling algorithm is also proposed to further enhance the security of the overall system. The simulation, detailed analysis, and comparative studies of the proposed overall image encryption framework will help to understand the strengths and weaknesses of it. The experimental results are very promising and show the prospects of chaos theory and its usage in the field of data security.
This paper reflects the achievements and the challenges ahead in the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The primary intention of this paper is to study different organic materials synthesized so far and the OLEDs fabricated for solid-state lighting. After deep review of literature we have synthesized and characterized rare earth based europium organic complexes Eu(TTA)3Phen, Eu(x)Y(1?x)(TTA)3Phen, and Eu(x)Tb(1?x)(TTA)3Phen, where x = 0.4 and 0.5 by solution technique maintaining stoichiometric ratio. Blended films of pure and doped Eu complexes that are molecularly doped into polymer resins namely polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) are prepared according to weight percentage. Concentration effect on absorption and emission spectra of the blended films was studied for different weight percentages (10, 25, 50, 60%). All the complexes doped in PMMA showed an excellent transparency of 90–97% while the complexes doped in polystyrene showed a transparency of 85–90%, bit less than in PMMA. Energy gap of the synthesized complexes have been determined in PMMA and PS. Considering the facts that these complexes have good solubility in most of the organic solvents, the absorption spectra of Eu(TTA)3Phen, Eu0.5Y0.5(TTA)3Phen and Eu0.5Tb0.5(TTA)3Phen complexes are studied, and OLED devices having the structure ITO/m-MTDATA/α-NPD/TPBi:Eu(x)Y(1?x)(TTA)3Phen/Alq3/LiF:Al (where x = 0.4, 0.5) were fabricated and characterized. Significant red emission was observed from fabricated OLED devices at 612 nm when operated in a range of 10–18 V. Thus the synthesized rare earth based organic complexes are the best suitable candidates for fabrication of red OLED devices. The extensive review on OLEDS concludes that our present lighting system can be replaced with white OLEDS, recently developed energy saving lighting technology. 相似文献
Wireless Personal Communications - Applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasing tremendously to facilitate and establish a link between the physical world and information system.... 相似文献
This study demonstrates a cost‐effective way to fabricate porous ceramics with tailored porosity and pore microstructure using 5–40 wt% rice husk (RH) in <75 μm, 75–180 μm, 180–355 μm, 355–420 μm, and 420–600 μm size, as pore former. Sucrose, used as binder, also acted as a pore former. Porous alumina compacts with 20%–66% volume fraction porosity and 50–516 μm pore size (length) were successfully fabricated. Microstructure of samples reveal randomly oriented elongated coarse pores and fine pores (avg. size 4 μm), created during burnout of RH and sucrose, respectively. Samples with isolated and/or interconnected pores were fabricated using this process. Thermal conductivity of the samples prepared was measured using Transient Plane Source (TPS) technique. Thermal conductivity ranges from 1.2 to 24 W/mK. Experimental results agree closely with predictions made based on Effective Medium Theory (EMT) for a two‐phase system. 相似文献
Activated carbon has now become a vital active material in multifarious applications such as catalytic supports, removal of pollutants, battery electrodes, capacitors, gas storage etc., and these applications require carbon powders with desirable functionalities like surface area, chemical constituents and pore structure. Hence the production of activated carbon materials, especially from cheap and natural bio-precursors (biomass) is a highly attractive research theme in today's science of advanced materials. Though abundant and detailed reports on activated carbons for these applications are available in the literature, creating a consolidated account on the biomass derived activated carbon would serve as a database for the researchers and thus appears justified. Hence an overview on activated carbons (preparation, physical and electrochemical properties) derived especially from biomass for the specific application as electrodes in electrochemical energy devices has been presented to stress the importance of biomass, bioenergy and conversion of wastes into energy concept further. It is certain from the survey of around 100 recent published articles that the biomass carbons have outstanding capability of being applied as electrodes in the energy devices. Particularly, carbon (unactivated) derived from pyrolized peanut shells exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 4765 mAhg−1 in the case of lithium-ion batteries and coconut shell derived carbon in KOH electrolyte gave capacitance of 368 Fg−1 and ZnCl2 activated carbon from waste coffee grounds exhibited 368 Fg−1 in H2SO4. Undoubtedly the study indicates that the biomass derived carbons have economic and commercial promise in the near future. 相似文献
The functional properties of low- and high-M.W. (LMW and HMW, respectively) acidic subunits and the basic subunit separated
from the 11S soy protein fraction were studied and compared with the functional properties of the 11S fraction. Among the
functional properties investigated were solubility, emulsification, and viscosity. The results showed that the LMW acidic
subunit had higher solubility than the HMW acidic subunit. Among all the samples, the LMW subunit separated by using β-mercaptoethanol
(ME) was the most soluble, with a solubility of 98–100% at a pH of 6–12. The solubility profile of the HMW subunit followed
a pattern similar to the solubility of 11S. The lowest solubility was observed around pH values in the range close to the
isoelectric point for both the LMW and HMW subunit. The basic subunit was not soluble in the pH range 3–10; however, the solubility
increased more than 50% at pH 13 compared to the solubility at pH 10. The emulsification capacity of all subunits was higher
than 11S in the following descending order: LMW, basic, HMW, 11S. Emulsification activity and stability of the subunits were
greater than those of the 11S samples at room temperature and 95°C. With the exception of the LMW subunit separated with ME,
the subunits had a higher viscosity than 11S. The basic subunit separated with sodium bisulfite had the highest viscosity
of all the samples tested. 相似文献