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1.
Takumi Haruna 《Corrosion Science》2003,45(9):2093-2104
We have investigated the electrochemical noise behavior of carbon steel in fully deaerated aqueous bicarbonate solutions, and discussed the optimum conditions of the noise analysis for estimating corrosion rate of the steel. Noise of the potential difference and of the short-circuit current between two identical steel coupons were successfully measured. The time-series noise patterns were transformed into frequency domain by fast Fourier transformation, and then their power spectrum densities (PSDs) at a frequency were determined to be compared with the corrosion rate. The PSDs of the potential and of the current varied with changing environmental factors of bicarbonate concentration, pH, and immersion time. The factors also controlled the corrosion rate of the steel. The PSDs were associated with the corrosion rate, and then it was found that the PSDs of the potential and of the current showed linear correlation with the corrosion rate in log-log scale. There was also linear relationship between the corrosion rate and a spectral noise resistance obtained from the PSDs of the potential and the current. The linearities of the three correlations were better at a lower analyzed frequency. Furthermore, the PSDs of the current and the noise resistance indicated more linear correlation with the corrosion rate than that of the potential. As the simplicity of the measurement system is additionally considered, it is concluded that the PSD of the current noise at an analyzed frequency of 3 mHz is the optimum conditions for estimating the corrosion rate from 10−2 to 100 A m−2 in this study. 相似文献
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3.
Applied Intelligence - A multi-agent system (MAS) is expected to be applied to various real-world problems where a single agent cannot accomplish given tasks. Due to the inherent complexity in the... 相似文献
4.
Masayuki Shirai Chandrashekhar V. Rode Eiichi Mine Akiyoshi Sasaki Osamu Sato Norihito Hiyoshi 《Catalysis Today》2006,115(1-4):248-253
Catalytic ring hydrogenations of naphthalene and 1-naphthol were studied over several supported metal catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at low temperature. Higher concentration of hydrogen in supercritical carbon dioxide and lower reaction temperature were responsible for higher catalyst activity and selectivities to the desired partial ring hydrogenated products as compared with those observed in organic solvent for the same catalyst. 相似文献
5.
Lingyun Lyu Takeshi Hanada Naohiro Yamahira Jun Morita Ryota Yamamoto Ken Itomi Takumi Adachi Sho Kubouchi Shin Horiuchi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(45):51443
The distribution of nano-sized silica in binary rubber blends is characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). 3D distribution of silica is visualized by STEM-EDX tomography with the tilt-series of silicon elemental maps, while the phase-separated morphologies of polyisoprene rubber (IR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are visualized by STEM-tomography in high-angle-annular-dark field (HAADF) mode. The combination of STEM-EDX and STEM-HAADF tomography enables us to determine the distribution of silica between the two rubber phases quantitatively even with high contents of silica up to 70 phr (weight parts per hundred rubber). It is found that silica is preferentially distributed in the SBR phase, but it is also distributed in the IR phase when the IR fraction in the total rubber components is higher than 40 wt%. The preferential distribution of silica in the SBR phase improves the dispersion of the IR domains. This is the first use of this technique for a multicomponent polymer system, showing the advantage to characterize the complicated multicomponent polymer composite morphologies. 相似文献
6.
Keiji Hayashi Tomoki Shiraishi Kazuho Toyoda Fumiya Tanaka Taiga Mori Takumi Hata 《Computer Physics Communications》2011,(9):2032-2035
Laws of dynamic nano-friction (i.e., continuous wearless friction) were searched for under steady spatial distributions of the local quasi-temperature, by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The temperature control of the non-conservative model was carried out by extending the isothermal MD method using the Nosé–Poincaré thermostat. The results suggested that the threshold phenomenon characterizes sliding-velocity dependence of the nano-frictional force between crystal lattices constituting a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS). This phenomenon was turned out to be a universal feature, whether heat transfer to the environment exists or not. 相似文献
7.
Yoshihiro Takahashi Kenji Kitamura Yasuhiko Benino Takumi Fujiwara Takayuki Komatsu 《Materials Science and Engineering: B》2005,120(1-3):155-160
Flower-shaped crystals with diameters of 100–200 μm consisting of LaBGeO5 (LBGO) single crystals similar to petals were observed in the interior of transparent LBGO surface-crystallized glasses. Each flower-shaped crystal was radially grown from the surface of the included bubbles. A more intense second-harmonic generation was observed from the LBGO crystallized glasses with the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals compared to the samples without such crystals based on the Maker fringe technique and second-harmonic (SH) generation microscopy. The SH intensity for the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals monotonically decreased with increasing temperature up to 350 °C, less than the Curie temperature reported so far (530 °C). It is considered that the internal compressive stress induced by the difference in the thermal expansion between the LBGO single crystal and the corresponding glass affect the ferroelectric property of the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals in glass. 相似文献
8.
Suga M Nishiyama H Konyuba Y Iwamatsu S Watanabe Y Yoshiura C Ueda T Sato C 《Ultramicroscopy》2011,111(12):1650-1658
Although conventional electron microscopy (EM) requires samples to be in vacuum, most chemical and physical reactions occur in liquid or gas. The Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscope (ASEM) can observe dynamic phenomena in liquid or gas under atmospheric pressure in real time. An electron-permeable window made of pressure-resistant 100 nm-thick silicon nitride (SiN) film, set into the bottom of the open ASEM sample dish, allows an electron beam to be projected from underneath the sample. A detector positioned below captures backscattered electrons. Using the ASEM, we observed the radiation-induced self-organization process of particles, as well as phenomena accompanying volume change, including evaporation-induced crystallization. Using the electrochemical ASEM dish, we observed tree-like electrochemical depositions on the cathode. In silver nitrate solution, we observed silver depositions near the cathode forming incidental internal voids. The heated ASEM dish allowed observation of patterns of contrast in melting and solidifying solder. Finally, to demonstrate its applicability for monitoring and control of industrial processes, silver paste and solder paste were examined at high throughput. High resolution, imaging speed, flexibility, adaptability, and ease of use facilitate the observation of previously difficult-to-image phenomena, and make the ASEM applicable to various fields. 相似文献
9.
Yoshihiro Maruyama Takumi Hamaguchi Tien-Hsiu Tsai 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2018,55(2):199-208
A new ‘transXend’ detector system has been developed for energy-resolved computed tomography (CT). It consists of several segmented detectors that measure X-rays as electric currents. Response functions of segmented detectors are estimated using component materials of a body under inspection to unfold X-ray spectra. To avoid material-dependent measurements, response functions inherent to segmented detectors are evaluated by Monte Carlo calculations. CT was performed for a phantom consisting of five resins and was analyzed by the estimated response functions. The linear attenuation coefficients for the five resins have excellent agreement with database values. 相似文献
10.
Tien-Hsiu Tsai Takumi Hamaguchi Ikuo Kanno 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2018,55(6):663-671
The filter-type ‘transXend’ detector is an energy-resolving X-ray detector consisting of an energy-integrating flat-panel detector and multiple filters. In our previous studies, we have shown the effectiveness of the transXend detector, but the filters used were not optimized. To obtain better performance, the filters, especially their thickness and material, should be considered. In this paper, we present a method that can preliminarily estimate filter performance by comparing their noise sensitivity before carrying out numerous experiments. Two kinds of filter sets, Cu–Sn and W–Ag, with various thicknesses were evaluated. The results suggest that to image a 20-cm-thick object with 120-kV X-rays, an unfiltered channel and a channel filtered with 0.5-mm-thick Sn or 0.4-mm-thick Ag may be the best combination. The optimal filter thickness will be smaller if the object is thinner and the tube voltage is lower. For applications that require a wide dynamic range of detector response, a channel with a W filter may be better than an unfiltered channel. To verify the calculation results, computed tomography imaging experiments with a 3-cm-diameter phantom were also performed, and the experimental results showed good agreement with the calculation results. 相似文献