This article investigates the Hall and ion‐slip impacts on the mixed convection flow of a Maxwell nanofluid over an expanding surface in a permeable medium. The impacts of Brownian movement and thermophoresis parameters, Soret, Dufour, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and suction parameters, are, moreover, considered. Using the similitude changes, the partial differential equations with regard to the momentum, energy, and concentration equations are transformed to an arrangement of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are handled numerically utilizing a spectral relaxation method (SRM). The impacts of noteworthy physical parameters on the velocities, thermal, and concentration distributions are investigated graphically. Moreover, the numerical values of skin‐friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for different values of the mixed convection parameter Deborah number Hall parameter ion‐slip parameter Dufour number (Du), and Soret number are computed and tabulated. It is discovered that ascent in Deborah number reduces both the stream and transverse velocity profiles, while the inverse pattern is seen with augmentation in the mixed convection parameter. In addition, inverse patterns of the stream and transverse velocity profiles are seen with expansion in magnetic, Hall, and ion‐slip parameters. Besides this, the temperature and concentration disseminations decline with augmentation in Dufour number and chemical reaction parameters, respectively. It is likewise seen that both the skin‐friction coefficients lessen with expansion in Deborah number, and they ascend with upgrade in blended convection and ion‐slip parameters, while the opposite condition is noticed with augmentation in Hall parameter. Furthermore, the reverse trends of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discovered with expansion in the Dufour and Soret numbers. 相似文献
Wireless Personal Communications - Through the use of UAV, the functional lifetime of WSN can be elongated in exchange for higher data delivery latency as the UAV replaces the multi-hop... 相似文献
Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) are important intermediate and low elevation crops in Ethiopia but yields are low. The information for determination of nutrient rate... 相似文献
Here, we present the performance of a thermoelectric (TE) module consisting of n-type (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 and p-type Ca3Co4?xO9+δ materials. The main challenge in this investigation was operating the TE module in different atmospheric conditions, since n-type has optimum TE performance at reducing conditions, while p-type has optimum at oxidizing conditions. The TE module was exposed to two different atmospheres and demonstrated higher stability in N2 atmosphere than in air. The maximum electrical power output decreased after 40 h when the hot side was exposed to N2 at 600°C, while only 1 h at 400°C in ambient air was enough to oxidize (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 followed by a reduced electrical power output. The module generated maximum electrical power of 0.9 mW (~?4.7 mW/cm2) at 600°C hot side and δT?~?570 K in N2, and 0.15 mW (~?0.8 mW/cm2) at 400°C hot side and δT?~?370 K in air. A stability limit of Ca3Co3.93O9+δ at ~?700°C in N2 was determined by in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction.
Four reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equations are compared using weather data from 37 agricultural weather stations across the state of California. The equations compared include the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) Penman equation, the Penman–Monteith equation standardized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Penman–Monteith equation standardized by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Hargreaves equation. Hourly and daily comparisons of ETo and net radiation (Rn) are made using graphics and simple linear regressions. ETo values estimated by the CIMIS Penman equation correlated very well with the corresponding values estimated by the standardized Penman–Monteith equations on both hourly and daily time steps. However, there are greater differences between the Rn values estimated by the two procedures. Although there are exceptions, the Hargreaves equation compared well to the FAO Penman–Monteith method. Spatial variability of the resulting correlations between the different equations is also assessed. Despite the wide variability of microclimates in the state, there are no visible spatial trends in correlations between the different ETo and/or Rn estimates. 相似文献
In this paper, the oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in aqueous solution by an ozone/ultraviolet (UV) process was described. The oxidation process was investigated experimentally in a semibatch reactor under various operational conditions, i.e., ozone gas dosage, UV light intensity, and water quality in terms of varying bicarbonate concentration. The ozone/UV process was very successful in oxidizing MTBE. The rate of removal of MTBE increased when the incident UV light intensity increased for the same concentration of influent ozone gas. Similarly, an increase in influent ozone gas concentration resulted in faster removal of MTBE for the same incident UV light intensity. However, bicarbonate in the range of 2–8?mM showed no significant effect on MTBE removal for MTBE concentration ( ~ 1.0?mM) used in this study. Moreover, it was observed that the reaction intermediates could react well in the ozone/UV process, and complete mineralization could be achieved by the ozone/UV process, if desired. 相似文献
A kinetic model that describes the removal of organic pollutants by an ozone/UV process is described. Oxalic acid, which reacts with a very low rate constant with ozone and relatively high rate constant with hydroxyl radical (OH*), was used as the probe chemical to model the process. The model was verified by experimental data on concentrations of oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H202) under various experimental conditions, i.e., ozone gas dosage, UV light intensity, and varying oxalic acid concentrations. 相似文献
This paper describes the degradation of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in dilute aqueous solution by an O3/UV process. The degradation process was investigated experimentally in a semi-batch reactor under various operational conditions, i.e., ozone gas (O3) dosage, UV light intensity, and water quality in terms of varying bicarbonate concentration. TBA was oxidized rapidly in the O3/UV system, and acetone, hydroxy-iso-butyraldehyde, and formaldehyde were identified as primary intermediates, whereas pyruvaldehyde and acetic, formic, pyruvic, and oxalic acids were generated as a result of further oxidation process. A good organic carbon balance was obtained, indicating that most reaction intermediates have been identified and quantified. 相似文献