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排序方式: 共有458条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In the present investigation, the process model developed in Part I has been applied to evaluate the microstructure and strength
evolution during active brazing of ceramics. As a starting point, reaction-layer growth is assumed to occur isothermally with
no restrictions in the supply of reactive element. Different kinds of diagrams are then constructed to show how specific process
variables (e.g. the heating and cooling period, the limiting layer thickness, and the diffusion mechanism) affect the growth
kinetics. It is concluded that the key to improved joint properties lies in control of the reaction-layer thickness through
optimization of the brazing conditions, and an illustration of this is given.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Two different generators for ozone were tested, a traditional electrical discharge generator and a generator based upon UV–irradiation of air at 150–180 nm. It was demonstrated that the traditional generator gave slightly higher reductions in levels of color for equivalent ozone dosages. Both gases affected the molecular weight distribution in the way that the bigger molecules were broken down to smaller ones. No significant difference between the molecular weight reduction efficiency of the gases was found. 相似文献
3.
The dissociative chemisorption of methane on a Ni(100) single crystal has been studied under thermal conditions as a function of pressure and temperature. The initial sticking coefficient was measured in the pressure range of 0.010–7.0 mbar at temperatures ranging from 375 to 500 K. A strong pressure dependence was observed, consistent with a direct dissociation mechanism under these thermal conditions. This was further confirmed by experiments where the gas at a low pressure was heated by a thermal finger facing the crystal surface. With the thermal finger at the same temperature as the surface, it was possible to ensure that the methane was fully equilibrated to the crystal and an activation energy of 59±1.5 kJ/mol was determined under isothermal conditions. 相似文献
4.
Terje Aven 《Reliability Engineering & System Safety》1996,51(3):275-281
This paper presents a general framework for analysing condition based replacement policies for stochastically failing units. The framework is based on the theory of counting processes. A replacement policy minimizing the long run expected cost is determined. The paper discusses both non-repairable and repairable units. Two examples are analysed in detail: shock models and monotone (coherent) systems. 相似文献
5.
The solubility of aluminum in NaF-AlF3-Al2O3 melts with various additives was found to increase with increasing NaF/AlF3 molar ratio (CR) and increasing temperature and to decrease with additions of A12O3, CaF2, MgF2, and LiF to the melts. With the use of literature data for the activities of NaF and A1F3 in cryolitic melts, three dissolution reaction models were found to give a good fit to the experimental solubility data. According to the most probable of these models the total concentration of dissolved aluminum (aluminum and sodium species) is given by cAl = cNa(diss) + cAlF2- + cAl2F3- + cAl3F4- + cAl4F5- In NaF rich melts, aluminum will dominantly dissolve as sodium, while at cryolite ratios commonly used in aluminum electrowinning (CR = 2.25 to 2.7) the AlF -2 - -ion is the predominant dissolved metal species. Other species (A12F3 -, A13F4-, A14F5-) were found to be of some significance only in melts with high excess A1F3 (CR < 2). 相似文献
6.
The kinetics of aluminium deposition from NaCl-AlCl3 melts (cAlCl3 < 10 mol%) contained in alumina crucibles was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and potential step amperometry at temperatures around 820°C. At low concentrations (cAlCl3 < 0.4 mol%) the reduction of AlCl3 on liquid aluminium has been found to be diffusion controlled. At higher concentrations a passivation of the aluminium electrode was observed during the deposition reaction. The passivation appears to be caused by precipitation of alumina from supersaturated melt in the diffusion layer at the aluminium cathode. 相似文献
7.
Kenji Takizawa Yuri Bazilevs Tayfun E. Tezduyar Ming-Chen Hsu Ole Øiseth Kjell M. Mathisen Nikolay Kostov Spenser McIntyre 《Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering》2014,21(4):481-508
Flow problems with moving boundaries and interfaces include fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and a number of other classes of problems, have an important place in engineering analysis and design, and offer some formidable computational challenges. Bringing solution and analysis to them motivated the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space–Time (DSD/SST) method and also the variational multiscale version of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method (ALE-VMS). Since their inception, these two methods and their improved versions have been applied to a diverse set of challenging problems with a common core computational technology need. The classes of problems solved include free-surface and two-fluid flows, fluid–object and fluid–particle interaction, FSI, and flows with solid surfaces in fast, linear or rotational relative motion. Some of the most challenging FSI problems, including parachute FSI, wind-turbine FSI and arterial FSI, are being solved and analyzed with the DSD/SST and ALE-VMS methods as core technologies. Better accuracy and improved turbulence modeling were brought with the recently-introduced VMS version of the DSD/SST method, which is called DSD/SST-VMST (also ST-VMS). In specific classes of problems, such as parachute FSI, arterial FSI, ship hydrodynamics, fluid–object interaction, aerodynamics of flapping wings, and wind-turbine aerodynamics and FSI, the scope and accuracy of the FSI modeling were increased with the special ALE-VMS and ST FSI techniques targeting each of those classes of problems. This article provides an overview of the core ALE-VMS and ST FSI techniques, their recent versions, and the special ALE-VMS and ST FSI techniques. It also provides examples of challenging problems solved and analyzed in parachute FSI, arterial FSI, ship hydrodynamics, aerodynamics of flapping wings, wind-turbine aerodynamics, and bridge-deck aerodynamics and vortex-induced vibrations. 相似文献
8.
Øyvind Hauge Claudia Ayala Reidar Conradi 《Information and Software Technology》2010,52(11):1133-1154
ContextOpen source software (OSS) is changing the way organizations develop, acquire, use, and commercialize software.ObjectiveThis paper seeks to identify how organizations adopt OSS, classify the literature according to these ways of adopting OSS, and with a focus on software development evaluate the research on adoption of OSS in organizations.MethodBased on the systematic literature review method we reviewed publications from 24 journals and seven conference and workshop proceedings, published between 1998 and 2008. From a population of 24,289 papers, we identified 112 papers that provide empirical evidence on how organizations actually adopt OSS.ResultsWe show that adopting OSS involves more than simply using OSS products. We moreover provide a classification framework consisting of six distinctly different ways in which organizations adopt OSS. This framework is used to illustrate some of the opportunities and challenges organizations meet when approaching OSS, to show that OSS can be adopted successfully in different ways, and to organize and review existing research. We find that existing research on OSS adoption does not sufficiently describe the context of the organizations studied, and it fails to benefit fully from related research fields. While existing research covers a large number of topics, it contains very few closely related studies. To aid this situation, we offer directions for future research.ConclusionThe implications of our findings are twofold. On the one hand, practitioners should embrace the many opportunities OSS offers, but consciously evaluate the consequences of adopting it in their own context. They may use our framework and the success stories provided by the literature in their own evaluations. On the other hand, researchers should align their work, and perform more empirical research on topics that are important to organizations. Our framework may be used to position this research and to describe the context of the organization they are studying. 相似文献
9.
Øystein Vedaa Anette Harris Bjørn Bjorvatn Siri Waage Børge Sivertsen Philip Tucker 《Ergonomics》2016,59(1):1-14
A systematic literature search was carried out to investigate the relationship between quick returns (i.e. 11.0 hours or less between two consecutive shifts) and outcome measures of health, sleep, functional ability and work–life balance. A total of 22 studies published in 21 articles were included. Three types of quick returns were differentiated (from evening to morning/day, night to evening, morning/day to night shifts) where sleep duration and sleepiness appeared to be differently affected depending on which shifts the quick returns occurred between. There were some indications of detrimental effects of quick returns on proximate problems (e.g. sleep, sleepiness and fatigue), although the evidence of associations with more chronic outcome measures (physical and mental health and work–life balance) was inconclusive.
Practitioner Summary: Modern societies are dependent on people working shifts. This study systematically reviews literature on the consequences of quick returns (11.0 hours or less between two shifts). Quick returns have detrimental effects on acute health problems. However, the evidence regarding effects on chronic health is inconclusive. 相似文献
10.
Böttger PH Flage-Larsen E Karlsen OB Finstad TG 《The Review of scientific instruments》2012,83(2):025101
A versatile apparatus to measure the cross-plane Seebeck coefficient and the resistivity of bulk samples shaped as disks or thin plates, over a temperature range of 300 K-620 K with possible extension to higher temperatures, is presented. It is constructed from readily available equipment and instrumentation with parts that are easily manufactured. The Seebeck coefficient is measured over an average region of the sample under steady-state conditions. The sample resistance is measured using a four-point alternating current method and scaled to room temperature measurements with known geometry to calculate resistivity. A variety of sample shapes are supported. Most importantly, the support of the thin disk geometry allows for the very same samples to be used in a laser flash instrument. The design allows for rough vacuum, high vacuum, or purging with inert gases in the sample chamber. Measurements on thermoelectric ZnSb and a Ni reference material are presented. 相似文献