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1.
The acid-base equilibria of three anionic sulfonephthalein dyes, viz., bromothymol blue (BTB), thymol blue (TB), and cresol red (CR), were studied spectroscopically in aqueous media containing
the water-soluble noninonic polymers polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of an anionic surfactant,
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A partition equilibrium method was used to determine the equilibrium constant of partition of
the dyes between the micellar pseudo phase and aqueous phase in the presence of PVA and PEG. The critical aggregation concentrations
(CAC) of the surfactants in buffered aqueous systems containing the neutral polymers were also determined. The CAC of the
polymer-surfactant systems were found to be lower than the critical micelle concentration of such systems in the absence of
polymer, in otherwise identical conditions. The pH-dependent association constants, K
ass, of the sulfonephthalein dyes with the SDS-PVA system increased with the increase in molecular weight of the polymer. The
interactions of the dyes with the buffered aqueous SDS-PVA and SDS-PEG systems were found to be endothermic and entropy oriented.
In the polymer domain, the head group region of the micelles was more exposed at lower concentrations of the polymer, but
under excess polymer concentration they were increasingly shielded, which impaired their electrostatic interaction with the
dyes. 相似文献
2.
Somip Borphukan Maitrayee Saikia Urmilla Baruah Arvind Gautam Shashi D. Baruah Prakash J. Saikia 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2019,136(39):47994
The emulsion copolymerization of ethylene with butyl methacrylate (BMA) was carried out in an aqueous medium at 60 °C under moderate reaction conditions. The polymer system is well controlled with a linear increase in the molecular weight (Mn) versus ethylene feed pressure and narrow molecular weight distributions (>1.36) were observed throughout the copolymerization reaction. The spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of acrylate functional as well as methylene group in the synthesized poly(ethylene-co-BMA) copolymer. Morphological behavior of poly(ethylene-co-BMA) has been studied using SEM and TEM analyses. Thermal stability of the copolymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and it was observed that the copolymer is stable up to 380 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous behavior of poly(ethylene-co-BMA). Dynamic light scattering measurement confirms the formation of poly(ethylene-co-BMA) nanoparticles. The particle size of copolymer nanoparticles were in the range of 85–108 nm with low polydispersity indexes (>0.2). The viscous and the elastic property of the copolymer were investigated and established that at high temperature elastic behavior predominant over viscous effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47994. 相似文献
3.
Ca-doped ThO2, synthesized by solution combustion method was tested for dehydrogenation of ethane with CO2. Doping ThO2 with Ca resulted in the creation of oxide ion vacancies and an increased conversion of ethane compared to pure ThO2. On Th0.75Ca0.25O2 selectivity to ethene was 97 at 46% ethane conversion at 725 °C. Well-known reference catalysts like 5%Cr/TS-1 or OMS-2 showed significantly lower selectivity, but the former was more active under the same conditions. 相似文献
4.
Well-defined poly(n-docosyl acrylate) (PDA) with narrow molecular weight distribution has been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reverse ATRP of n-docosyl acrylate (DA) at 80 °C in N,N-dimethylformamide using the carbon tetrabromide/FeCl3/2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) initiation system in the presence of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the source of reducing agent. The rates of polymerization for both the systems exhibit first-order kinetics with respect to the monomer, however, peroxide-initiated system shows slow rate of polymerization as compared to the azo-system. The effect of various reaction parameters on number average molecular weight (M n ) and molecular weight distribution (M w/M n ) have been investigated. The resulting PDA that obtained in presence of AIBN and BPO systems has been compared for both the conventional and reverse ATRP. The reverse ATRP initiated by peroxides behaves differently than that of the azo initiators. In reverse ATRP with BPO, the rate of polymerization (R p) has been significantly increased with the increase of BPO resulting higher M n and broader M w/M n . The reverse ATRP of DA did not exhibit living characteristics with BPO system. PDA has been characterized by GPC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
5.
A new catalyst WO3/ZrO2–Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 (15 wt % WO3/ZrO2:Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 = 50:50) has been developed for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The redox component Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 was dispersed on the surface of acidic WO3/ZrO2 by the solution combustion method showing the best NO x reduction efficiency among the catalysts prepared by various modes of mixing of the components. The catalyst has been characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and NH3-TPD. A NO x reduction efficiency of more than 90 % was obtained between 300 and 500 °C at α = NH3,in/NO x,in = 1. The catalyst showed stable NO x reduction efficiency after hydrothermal ageing at 700 °C. Sulfur poisoning promoted the NO x reduction efficiency at high temperatures at the expense of a reduced activity at lower temperatures, but the catalyst could be fully regenerated by heating in O2 at 650 °C. 相似文献
6.
R Nair G Ramakrishnan NN Nair TK Saikia PM Parikh SR Joshi CS Soman M Mukhadan KT Dinshaw SH Advani 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,82(11):2282-2288
BACKGROUND: Combination chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, and bleomycin (MACOP-B) has been frequently used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This randomized study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of this regimen when either doxorubicin or epirubicin was used as the anthracycline drug. METHODS: Between April 1989 and December 1993, 211 previously untreated patients with intermediate grade and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were randomized to receive either doxorubicin (n=106) or epirubicin (n=105) with the MACOP-B regimen. These patients were followed through December 1996. Numerous clinical features predictive of response and survival were analyzed. Cardiac and noncardiac toxicity in the two treatment arms were compared. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 48 years. Complete remission was experienced by 122 patients (58.3%); 62 patients (58.5%) achieved complete remission in the doxorubicin arm and 60 (58.1%) in the epirubicin arm. Response rates, time to treatment failure, relapse data, and overall survival were comparable between the two arms. Morbidity due to mucositis, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiotoxicity were also comparable. The overall mortality was 10%. Mortality due to neutropenic sepsis was considerably higher among patients who received epirubicin (10 patients) than among those who received doxorubicin (5 patients). Cardiac evaluation revealed no difference in toxicity between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS: Epirubicin was as effective as doxorubicin in terms of patients' responses to therapy. There was no difference in cardiotoxicity between the two treatment arms. However, in this study, the mortality due to neutropenic sepsis was significantly higher among patients treated with epirubicin. 相似文献
7.
Kongkona Saikia Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar Abiram Karanam Rathankumar Sundar SaiLavanyaa Lakshmi Srinivasan Sivanesan Subramanian Hubert Cabana Mathilde Gosselin Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar 《IET nanobiotechnology / IET》2020,14(8):732
In the present study, amino‐functionalised mesoporous silica microspheres were utilised as support for the covalent immobilisation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) for the subsequent production of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Under the optimised operating conditions of pH 6.5, particle/enzyme ratio of 1.25:1.0 and glutaraldehyde concentration of 4 mM, a maximum CaLB immobilisation yield of 82.4% on silica microspheres was obtained in 12.25 h. The immobilised CaLB was used for the synthesis of alkyl esters, which were utilised along with hydrogen peroxide for FDCA synthesis. The biocatalytic conversion of 30 mM DFF dictated a 77–79% FDCA in 48 h at 30°C; where the turnover number and turnover frequency of immobilised CaLB were 6220.73 mol mol−1 and 129.59 h−1, respectively, for ethyl acetate, against 6297.65 mol mol−1 and 131.2 h−1, respectively, for ethyl butyrate. Upon examining the operational stability, the immobilised CaLB exhibited high stability till five cycles of FDCA production.Inspec keywords: mesoporous materials, organic compounds, biotechnology, silicon compounds, renewable materials, catalysis, catalysts, enzymes, thermal stability, biofuelOther keywords: FDCA production, amino‐functionalised mesoporous silica microspheres, greener production, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid, covalent immobilisation, 2,5‐diformylfuran, CaLB immobilisation, Candida antarctica lipase B immobilisation, ethyl butyrate, time 48.0 hour, temperature 30.0 degC, time 12.25 hour 相似文献
8.
This paper presents the development of a reliable heat index (HI) measurement system for evaluating the thermal comfort of a particular building or a particular area. The HI is an index that combines air temperature and relative humidity (RH) to determine the human-perceived equivalent temperature. To measure the air temperature and RH, temperature to digital converter and RH to voltage converter is used. HI is calculated online with the help of embedded firmware of the microcontroller. This calculated value is then transferred to the computer through standard RS 232 serial port. The same sensor node is tested with the RS 485 network standard by changing the transceiver of the node. The system is calibrated using four standard saturated binary salt solutions. 相似文献
9.
The paper reports the synthesis of nano-crystalline ceramics like titanium dioxide and titanium nitride using a plasma chemical experimental reactor powered by a multi-segment (cascaded) arc plasma torch. The precursor-laden plasma beam emerging from the torch anode section expands supersonically through a converging nozzle to a low-pressure collection chamber. This results in a uniform and controlled gas dynamic quenching ensuring rapid synthesis of pure, un-coagulated free-flowing particles with a narrow size distribution. Simple Langmuir probes and calorimetric energy balance methods are used for plasma and reactor characterization, while X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques have been used for product analysis. It is shown that size distribution of both the product particles is comparatively narrower than that found in most thermal plasma assisted laboratory synthesis studies. The expansion process was observed to produce a non-equilibrium electron population, which could charge up the particles after nucleation and hence could curb unwanted coagulation. 相似文献
10.
Occurrence of some hazardous metals in Indian coals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies on hazardous metals pollution through various processes of utilization of the Assam (India) coals suffer from the
lack of reliable information on the level of trace and heavy metals in them. Four representative coal samples with high sulphur
from Ledo, Tikak, Tipong and Baragolai collieries of Makum coalfield, Assam, India were studied for the occurrence of Al,
Bi Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
methods. Six of the metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, and Pb) found to be present in low to moderate concentrations were identified
as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) USA. The concentration of Fe, Mg and Al was
observed to be higher than the rest of the metals. Significant variation of these metal contents in the four coals samples
was observed with no noteworthy statistical relationship with the ash and carbon contents of the coals. The concentrations
of metals in the samples are within the average world coal range. It was also observed that there is no definite trend of
metal concentration with reference to different collieries of Assam. The association of some metals in the coal matrix was
also discussed. XRD and FT-IR patterns of the coals also supported the presence of these metals.
Published in Russian in Koks i Khimiya, 2009, no. 2, pp. 12–17.
The article is published in the original. 相似文献