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排序方式: 共有439条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Satohiro Yoshida Tsunehiro Tanaka Tomoko Hanada Takeshi Hiraiwa Hiroyoshi Kanai Takuzo Funabiki 《Catalysis Letters》1992,12(1-3):277-285
XANES of vanadium and niobium oxide on silica or alumina have been analyzed quantitatively by a deconvolution technique. Based on the results for reference compounds, local structures of supported vanadium and niobium species were identified. The composition was estimated from difference spectra for the samples which consisted of two kinds of species. 相似文献
2.
As the cationic component of natural polymer polyionic complexes, polysaccharide chitosan or polypeptide polylysine, and as the anionic component, polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose (=CMC) or polypeptide poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) were used. The degree of chitosan/CMC or polylysine/PGA complex film swelling was minimum, when the amounts of the cationic and anionic groups in these polymers were balanced at 1 : 1 ratio. On the other hand, the degree of chitosan/PGA film swelling was minimum at the ratio with excess of PGA which is a linear flexible chain. Comparing the enthalpies estimated by DSC analysis, it was suggested that the larger quantity of water in the form of nonfreezable bound water was absorbed in the complex films with polysaccharide which is a chain of ring structure. Further, the compressive moduli of swollen complex films were high, when the complex consisted of polysaccharide components. 相似文献
3.
Tomoko Akai Hiroshi Yamanaka Hajimu Wakabayashi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(4):859-864
Copper-ruby glasses were prepared by the sputtering method and the effect of reducing treatment was examined. The reducing was carried out either during sputtering or heat treatment. Optical absorption was related to the growth of copper particles. The results are summarized as follows: (i) the volume fraction of copper particles in the glasses which are heat-treated in air increases with the addition of hydrogen in the sputtering gas. (ii) The copper particles do not grow larger than 8 nm by heat treatment in reducing atmosphere, whereas they grow as large as 12 nm in air. (iii) Reducing during heat treatment gives a pronounced effect only when sputtering was not carried out under reducing conditions. The origin of these phenomena was also discussed, considering the mechanism of nucleation and growth of copper particles. 相似文献
4.
Toshihiro Kasuga Masahiro Yoshida Tomoko Uno Kiichi Nakajima 《Journal of Materials Science》1988,23(6):2255-2258
Bioactive glass-ceramics toughened by tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) were prepared by hot-pressing mixed powders of the MgO-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glass and TZP containing 20 to 80% alumina. The bending strength and the fracture toughness of the composite materials were improved compared with those of the material without TZP. These composites showed high bending strengths (400 to 500MPa) and high fracture toughness ( 2.8MPa m1/2). The existence of a crack deflection mechanism was observed by scanning electron microscopy. After soaking in simulated physiological solution at 100 °C, no phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic of TZP in the composites and no degradation in bending strength occurred. 相似文献
5.
The enhancement ofT
c in Pb-Bi-Sn and Pb-Bi-In system alloy filaments produced by glass-coated melt spinning was investigated as a means of producing a new type of superconducting filament with highT
c. Long filaments of Pb-Bi-Sn alloy withT
c higher than 10 K and Pb-Bi-In alloy withT
c higher than 9 K were obtained from the molten state at a temperature of 1500 K with a winding speed of 2.63 m sec–1. For example, a Pb45Bi35Sn20 filament withT
c of 10.1 K was 15 m in diameter and polycrystalline with a grain size of 100 nm. The structure of the filament was a mixture of , tin and bismuth phases and a metastable phase of mixed structure of bismuth and supersaturated solid solution of tin in -phase was detected. TheT
c of the filament decreased on heat treatment. A metastable phase of mixed structure of bismuth and -phase was also detected for a Pb45Bi45In10 filament withT
c of 9.3 K. As the metastable phase for the Pb-Bi-In filament was more unstable than that for the Pb-Bi-Sn filament, theT
c of the filament was drastically decreased by heat treatment. The metastable phase was considered to play an important role in the enhancement ofT
c for Pb-Bi-Sn and Pb-Bi-In alloy filaments. 相似文献
6.
Gaku Yamanaka Shinichiro Morichi Tomoko Takamatsu Yusuke Watanabe Shinji Suzuki Yu Ishida Shingo Oana Takashi Yamazaki Fuyuko Takata Hisashi Kawashima 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the pathogenesis of epilepsy is linked to neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain, along with these responses, is implicitly involved in epilepsy. This review explored the current literature on the association between the peripheral and central nervous systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and highlights novel research directions for therapeutic interventions targeting these reactions. Previous experimental and human studies have demonstrated the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain. The time required for monocytes (responsible for innate immunity) and T cells (involved in acquired immunity) to invade the central nervous system after a seizure varies. Moreover, the time between the leakage associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) failure and the infiltration of these cells varies. This suggests that cell infiltration is not merely a secondary disruptive event associated with BBB failure, but also a non-disruptive event facilitated by various mediators produced by the neurovascular unit consisting of neurons, perivascular astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, genetic manipulation has enabled the differentiation between peripheral monocytes and resident microglia, which was previously considered difficult. Thus, the evidence suggests that peripheral monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures. 相似文献
7.
Sun-Chan Jeong Ichiro Katayama Hirokane Kawakami Yutaka Watanabe Hironobu Ishiyama Nobuaki Imai Yoshikazu Hirayama Hiroari Miyatake Masao Sataka Satoru Okayasu Hiroyuki Sugai Shin-Ichi Ichikawa Katsuhisa Nishio Shinichi Mitsuoka Takamitsu Nakanoya Masahito Yahagi Takanori Hashimoto Kazunori Takada Mamoru Watanabe Tomoko Ishikawa Akihiro Iwase 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2005,26(5):472-476
For the effective use of short-lived radioactive beams, soon to be available at the Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex, the authors have developed a radiotracer method for diffusion studies in solids. The experimental test was performed by the measurement of the diffusion coefficients of Li in a sample of the compound βLiAl using an α-emitting radiotracer of 8Li (T1/2=0.84 s). It was found that the time-dependent yields of the α particles from the diffusing 8Li that was initially implanted in the sample could be used as a measure of the diffusivity of the tracer in a nondestructive way. The method was applied to measure the self-diffusion coefficients of Li in βLiGa, and for investigating how the Li diffusion in the Li ionic conductors is affected by the concentration of atomic defects (i.e., the existence of the atomic vacancies of Li and the defects in Ga sites that are replaced by Li). 相似文献
8.
Dynamics of learning near singularities in layered networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explicitly analyze the trajectories of learning near singularities in hierarchical networks, such as multilayer perceptrons and radial basis function networks, which include permutation symmetry of hidden nodes, and show their general properties. Such symmetry induces singularities in their parameter space, where the Fisher information matrix degenerates and odd learning behaviors, especially the existence of plateaus in gradient descent learning, arise due to the geometric structure of singularity. We plot dynamic vector fields to demonstrate the universal trajectories of learning near singularities. The singularity induces two types of plateaus, the on-singularity plateau and the near-singularity plateau, depending on the stability of the singularity and the initial parameters of learning. The results presented in this letter are universally applicable to a wide class of hierarchical models. Detailed stability analysis of the dynamics of learning in radial basis function networks and multilayer perceptrons will be presented in separate work. 相似文献
9.
10.
Tomoko Watanabe Traphagan Yueh-hui Vanessa Chiang Hyeseung Maria Chang Benjaporn Wattanawaha Haekyung Lee Michael Charles Mayrath Jeongwon Woo Hyo-Jin Yoon Min Jung Jee Paul E. Resta 《Computers & Education》2010
Using a framework of cognitive, social, and teaching presence, the nature of learning experiences in a three-dimensional virtual world environment (Second Life) and a text-chat learning environment without visuals (TeachNet) were investigated. A mixed method of code frequencies, coherence graphs, interviews, and a survey was used. The results revealed that the TeachNet debates included more cognitive presence codes that indicate higher levels of cognitive processing than in SL debates. The teams were significantly different from each other in the collaboration style for developing arguments and in the ways to use utterances associated with cognitive, social, and teaching presences, and the groups’ collaboration style became more established with more experience with the tasks. The three critical factors–tool, tasks and group cohesion–that affect cognitive, teaching, and social presence are discussed. 相似文献