Myths, misconceptions, and missed opportunity: Single-case designs and counseling psychology.

The status of single-case designs in counseling psychology is reviewed. Also, reasons for the underuse of these designs by counseling psychologists are discussed. Finally, potential contributions (1) in research linking process and outcome, (2) in group counseling, (3) across a variety of theoretical approaches, and (4) to evaluation and quality assurance in clinical practice are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

High resolution solid state 13C n.m.r. of butadiene grafted polypropylene

¹H dipolar decoupled ¹³C n.m.r. experiments with the aid of the magic angle spinning technique have been used to determine the graft content and the isomer content of the polybutadiene grafts in a graft copolymer with isotactic polypropylene.     

新型轮胎气密层材料的优点及工艺改进

无内胎子午线轮胎最常见的损坏是带束层边部脱层,而此损坏可能导致较大的振动,最终导致带束层和胎面剥离。要阻止带束层边部脱层,无内胎子午线轮胎必须经受住以下4种不利因素的综合作用:     

Dispersion deposition of metal — Particle composites and the evaluation of dispersion deposited nickel — Lanthanum nickelate electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

A method for the preparation of high surface area coatings and its application towards fabrication of prospective composite electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is proposed. Exploratory studies with such a composite, (Ni/LaNiO₃), as a hydrogen electrode in alkaline solutions indicate that it is a more active electrocatalyst than sintered or electrodeposited nickel. The electrocatalytic properties were found to be a strong function of the deposition parameters as well as of the history of the oxide powder.     

Silver–carbon electrocatalyst for air cathodes in alkaline fuel cells

A method for producing electrocatalysts containing silver supported on different carbons was developed. The catalysts were investigated in air (oxygen) diffusion electrodes in alkaline electrolyte (7 M KOH). Depending on the carbon support used, up to a threefold improvement in electrode performance was achieved compared with the activity of the uncatalysed carbon in this media. At ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, a current density of 150 mA/cm^–2 was obtained at electrode potential 1.2 V vs zinc (0.75 vs HE). A correlation between electro catalytic activity and wetted surface area of the electrocatalysts was found.     

Connectionist simulation of quantification skills

The study of numerical abilities, and how they are acquired, is being used to explore the continuity between ontogenesis and environmental learning. One technique that proves useful in this exploration is the artificial simulation of numerical abilities with neural networks, using different learning paradigms to explore development. A neural network simulation of subitization, sometimes referred to as visual enumeration, and of counting, a recurrent operation, has been developed using the so-called multi-net architecture. Our numerical ability simulations use two or more neural networks combining supervised and unsupervised learning techniques to model subitization and counting. Subitization has been simulated using networks employing unsupervised self-organizing learning, the results of which agree with infant subitization experiments and are comparable with supervised neural network simulations of subitization reported in the literature. Counting has been simulated using a multi-net system of supervised static and recurrent backpropagation networks that learn their individual tasks within an unsupervised, competitive framework. The developmental profile of the counting simulation shows similarities to that of children learning to count and demonstrates how neural networks can learn how to be combined together in a process modelling development.     

Calculation of the energy change involved in chemical reactions occurring irreversibly

The overpotential of electrochemical reactions has a parallel in thermal reactions which may be called the overstress. This quantity must be added algebraically to the free-energy change of reversible thermodynamics if one is to know the energy needed to carry out a reaction at a finite velocity or to find out the energy obtainable from a reaction occurring spontaneously. For a velocity of ν, and outside the quasi-reversible region dealt with in irreversible thermodynamics, the overstress at a velocity ν is related to this velocity, and to the equal and opposite velocities at equilibrium, ν_o, by the equation

$\text{ΔΔF}{}_{\mathrm{(v)}}\text{=}\text{RT}\text{β}\text{ln}\text{v}\text{v}{}_{\mathrm{a}}$

where β is Bronsted's coefficient. Such considerations may alter the relative economic desirability of competing chemical processes, e.g. in water splitting, as well as reducing the desirability of chemical, compared to electrochemical, paths.     

An NMR-based metabolomic assessment of cultured cobia health in response to dietary manipulation

Commercial aquaculture feeds rely heavily on fishmeal and fish oil, which can be expensive and ecologically unsustainable. To evaluate the efficacy of reduced fishmeal diets for outgrowth, a dietary study was conducted on the finfish cobia, Rachycentron canadum. NMR-based metabolomic techniques were used to assess the effect of decreasing dietary fishmeal on the health of the cobia. Filtered serum ¹H NMR spectra analysed by principal components analysis (PCA) showed cobia fed reduced fishmeal diets were metabolically different than cobia on control diets. In particular, tyrosine and betaine increased in cobia fed reduced fishmeal diets while glucose decreased, suggesting that these cobia were not receiving the necessary nutritional components required for energy and growth. The formulated control diet contributed to enriched growth and significantly elevated lactate levels suggesting enhanced gut microflora metabolism in response to dietary components. The results show that NMR-based metabolomic analysis is a useful tool in aquaculture studies.