Hyperbaric oxygenation and current methods of detoxication in multimodal intensive therapy of diffuse peritonitis

The course of diffuse peritonitis has been followed up in 219 patients, 20 of these with the reactive, 165 with toxic, and 34 with the terminal stages of the condition. Multiple-modality intensive care included, besides routine therapy, local abdominal hypothermia, UV irradiation of autoblood (UVIAB), and, if indicated, hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) and hemoperfusion. In addition to clinical tests, immunobiochemical monitoring of medium-molecular peptide fractions MM1 and MM2 and index of their distribution, as well as of circulating immune complexes CIC1 and CIC2 and the levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG were the criteria for assessing the severity of intoxication and efficacy of intensive care and for predicting the course and outcome of the disease. The results indicate that HBO in combination with hemoperfusion, local abdominal hypothermia, and UVIAB have a positive impact on the clinical picture of the disease and on the time course of markers of endogenous intoxication and humoral immunity in patients with the terminal and toxic phases of diffuse peritonitis.     

Tissue temperature simulation in cryosurgery

A method is described for simulating tissue temperature in cryosurgery by numerical solution of a heat-conduction problem with a mobile phase interface. The results are compared with experiment.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1100–1107, June, 1979.     

Numerical simulation of plasma treatment of charge used in vitrification of radioactive wastes

The process of plasma treatment of charge used in vitrification of radioactive wastes is simulated numerically. Optimum conditions providing heating of particles in the charge to vitrification temperatures are determined for a 200-kW reactor.Academic Scientific Complex A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 461–465, May–June, 1995.     

Modeling and Optimization of Jet Milling

The energy efficiencies of the acceleration nozzles of ejector and pneumatic jet mills are compared. Mathematical models are proposed for the acceleration of a two-phase mixture in the nozzle and the jet, and a procedure is put forward for optimizing subsonic nozzles and open-loop jet mills. The gas-dynamic perfection of the nozzles of pneumatic jet mills is assessed, and the initial particle-size range where the mill efficiency is highest is determined.     

Preparation and characterization of biomedical collagen–chitosan scaffolds with entrapped ibuprofen and silver nanoparticles

In this work, the preparation and characterization of a novel multifunctional collagen–chitosan material containing silver nanoparticles and nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen is described. As a starting material, the commercially available collagen–chitosan scaffold was used. Drug‐loading procedure was performed via supercritical CO₂‐assisted impregnation technique. Silver nanoparticles were prepared via metal vapor synthesis and introduced into the composite biopolymer matrix. An analysis of the small‐angle X‐ray scattering profiles revealed that silver nanoparticles are characterized by having a logarithmic normal size distribution with the maximum at 25 nm. The average size of particles determined from the broadening of diffraction peaks is in a good agreement with this result. The surface of the materials was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The in vitro release kinetics of ibuprofen in phosphate buffer solution with pH = 7.4 from prepared materials was studied. The drug release to solution is governed by Fickian diffusion and can be described within the Ritger–Peppas model. Introduction of silver nanoparticles has no effect on the diffusion mechanism. The as‐prepared materials are promising for the medical applications such as dressings for treatments of infected wounds and infection preventing. These materials can act as a matrix for transdermal drug administration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2479–2487, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

A New Method for Growing Thin Layers of Solid Solutions between IV–VI Compounds

Thin layers of multicomponent solid solutions between IV–VI compounds, close in composition to the source material, are grown by a modified hot-wall method. The carrier lifetime and concentration in the layers and their structural perfection depend on the nature of the substrate.