Symposium zur ?kologie des Schwarzwildes am 15. und 16. April 1996 in Mainz

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Estimation of variance components for somatic cell counts to determine thresholds for uninfected quarters

The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting somatic cell count (SCC), to estimate variance components of these factors, and to calculate and evaluate the thresholds for intramammary infection based on SCC. The infection status from 22,467 quarter milk samples from 544 cows in seven herds was determined. Infections status was the most important factor affecting SCC. The increase in SCC was more pronounced for major pathogens than for minor pathogens. Even after adjustment for infection status, the interaction between stage of lactation and parity was significant. For culture-negative samples within a lactation, the shape of the SCC curve was inversely related to the shape of the milk production curve. The shape of the SCC curve was flat for first lactation cows compared with the shape of the SCC curve for cows in subsequent lactations. The effect of clinical mastitis on SCC was significant. The use of SCC thresholds for specific parities and stages of lactation to detect intramammary infection improved quality parameters only slightly over a fixed threshold of 200,000 cells/ml.     

Symposium über die Gesundheit und die Bewirtschaftung von freilebenden S?ugetieren in Nancy

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XXII. Internationaler Kongre? der Jagdwissenschaftler in Bulgarien

Ohne ZusammenfassungEingesetzt wurde ein Zuschuß des Stifterverbandes für Jagdwissenschaften e. V., VorsitzenderDieter Schütte, für dessen Gewährung verbindlich gedankt wird. — Die Schriftleitung     

Food supplements and European regulation within a precautionary context: a critique and implications for nutritional, toxicological and regulatory consistency

In this paper, we review European legislation in the field of micronutrient food supplements and find it wanting. It is shown that the precautionary principle, embedded in European food legislation, pre-empts innovative developments in this field. In view of the scientific advances in micronutrients research, we subsequently critique the precautionary perspective and propose a novel outlook on micronutrients food supplements regulation. However, this requires a transition from the "survival" approach of the current deficiency-related RDAs to a "health-optimization" approach of a n(ew)-RDA. Genomic integrity is central in this envisioned transition.     

Masked mycotoxins: A review

The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on plant metabolites of mycotoxins, also called masked mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to human and animals. Toxigenic fungi often grow on edible plants, thus contaminating food and feed. Plants, as living organisms, can alter the chemical structure of mycotoxins as part of their defence against xenobiotics. The extractable conjugated or non‐extractable bound mycotoxins formed remain present in the plant tissue but are currently neither routinely screened for in food nor regulated by legislation, thus they may be considered masked. Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, nivalenol, fusarenon‐X, T‐2 toxin, HT‐2 toxin, fusaric acid) are prone to metabolisation or binding by plants, but transformation of other mycotoxins by plants (ochratoxin A, patulin, destruxins) has also been described. Toxicological data are scarce, but several studies highlight the potential threat to consumer safety from these substances. In particular, the possible hydrolysis of masked mycotoxins back to their toxic parents during mammalian digestion raises concerns. Dedicated chapters of this article address plant metabolism as well as the occurrence of masked mycotoxins in food, analytical aspects for their determination, toxicology and their impact on stakeholders.     

Internationales Symposium über Hirsche in China

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Euro-amerikanischer S?ugetierkongre? in Spanien

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