Business Activities of Not-For-Profit Organizations: Surviving the New Federalism?

All over the country community organizations are starting new community based businesses designed to fight unemployment, generate needed income, or respond to their own growth needs. This article addresses the questions of whether these new approaches can be used to plan and implement economic development efforts, what their political and ideological content is likely to be, what impact they will have on their neighborhoods, and what roles planners can play. The analysis is based on the authors' experiences as planners and technical assistants to such efforts, and on a detailed analysis of case studies.     

城市空间重构：大学在城市共治中的作用

本文首先对共治理论的相关要素进行了概述，并且提供了两个案例研究，旨在说明共治理论如何有助于理解大学的作用，以及这些案例如何反映了当前的理论拓展。本文对于为什么大学会日益广泛地从事房地产开发进行了剖析。     

High Technology and Economic Development Planning Introduction

In The Economy of Cities Jane Jacobs uses the hypothetical city of New Obsidian as a focus for her discussions about city economies and their development. The silicon chip is possibly a modern equivalent—both figuratively and chemically—to the obsidian on which her hypothetical city's economy was based. Many planners believe silicon chips and high technology can serve as focal points for future economic growth and development of urban areas.     

Planners,Technology, and Economic Growth

State and local governments have begun recently to develop policies and programs to promote economic growth based on high-technology industry. This article examines the link between technology and economic growth and identifies problematic issues for the planning profession. In developing and evaluating policies to promote high-technology economic development, planners encounter two main problems: first, the concept of high technology encompasses more kinds of activities than any tightly targeted policy can (or should) attempt to influence; and second, not enough is known (and insufficient data are available) about how various policies affect local economies to evaluate the effects of those programs usefully. Those problems suggest a research agenda for planners; the results of that research would be important for designing state and local policies and planning activities to support economic growth based on high-technology industry.     

Latent Space Subdivision: Stable and Controllable Time Predictions for Fluid Flow

We propose an end-to-end trained neural network architecture to robustly predict the complex dynamics of fluid flows with high temporal stability. We focus on single-phase smoke simulations in 2D and 3D based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, which are relevant for a wide range of practical problems. To achieve stable predictions for long-term flow sequences with linear execution times, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained for spatial compression in combination with a temporal prediction network that consists of stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers. Our core contribution is a novel latent space subdivision (LSS) to separate the respective input quantities into individual parts of the encoded latent space domain. As a result, this allows to distinctively alter the encoded quantities without interfering with the remaining latent space values and hence maximizes external control. By selectively overwriting parts of the predicted latent space points, our proposed method is capable to robustly predict long-term sequences of complex physics problems, like the flow of fluids. In addition, we highlight the benefits of a recurrent training on the latent space creation, which is performed by the spatial compression network. Furthermore, we thoroughly evaluate and discuss several different components of our method.     

Applying Topological and Economical Principles in Catalyst Design: New Alumina–Cobalt Core–Shell Catalysts

Designing new and effective catalysts may be an art, but its consequences are very real and pragmatic. That said, chemists often build designs on ideal systems, whereas the manufacturing of chemicals requires catalysts that withstand varied feeds, harsh conditions and long exposure times. Moreover, economical considerations are often underestimated at the catalyst design stage. Here we discuss the inclusion of economical and topological considerations early on in the catalyst design process, giving as an example the synthesis and testing of a new type of alumina/cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts.

     

Latent Space Physics: Towards Learning the Temporal Evolution of Fluid Flow

We propose a method for the data‐driven inference of temporal evolutions of physical functions with deep learning. More specifically, we target fluid flow problems, and we propose a novel LSTM‐based approach to predict the changes of the pressure field over time. The central challenge in this context is the high dimensionality of Eulerian space‐time data sets. We demonstrate for the first time that dense 3D+time functions of physics system can be predicted within the latent spaces of neural networks, and we arrive at a neural‐network based simulation algorithm with significant practical speed‐ups. We highlight the capabilities of our method with a series of complex liquid simulations, and with a set of single‐phase buoyancy simulations. With a set of trained networks, our method is more than two orders of magnitudes faster than a traditional pressure solver. Additionally, we present and discuss a series of detailed evaluations for the different components of our algorithm.     

Applying Topological and Economical Principles in Catalyst Design: New Alumina–Cobalt Core–Shell Catalysts

Designing new and effective catalysts may be an art, but its consequences are very real and pragmatic. That said, chemists often build designs on ideal systems, whereas the manufacturing of chemicals requires catalysts that withstand varied feeds, harsh conditions and long exposure times. Moreover, economical considerations are often underestimated at the catalyst design stage. Here we discuss the inclusion of economical and topological considerations early on in the catalyst design process, giving as an example the synthesis and testing of a new type of alumina/cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts.