全文获取类型
收费全文 | 729篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6篇 |
化学工业 | 215篇 |
金属工艺 | 10篇 |
机械仪表 | 16篇 |
建筑科学 | 11篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 16篇 |
轻工业 | 34篇 |
水利工程 | 3篇 |
石油天然气 | 5篇 |
无线电 | 46篇 |
一般工业技术 | 132篇 |
冶金工业 | 78篇 |
原子能技术 | 1篇 |
自动化技术 | 182篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 40篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有758条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Anna Stasiowicz Natalia Rosiak Ewa Tykarska Maciej Kozak Jacek Jenczyk Piotr Szulc Joanna Kobus-Cisowska Kornelia Lewandowska Anita Paziska Wojciech Paziski Judyta Cielecka-Piontek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
Piperine is an alkaloid that has extensive pharmacological activity and impacts other active substances bioavailability due to inhibition of CYP450 enzymes, stimulation of amino acid transporters and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Low solubility and the associated low bioavailability of piperine limit its potential. The combination of piperine with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) causes a significant increase in its solubility and, consequently, an increase in permeability through gastrointestinal tract membranes and the blood–brain barrier. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize interactions between piperine and HP-β-CD. The observed physicochemical changes should be combined with the process of piperine and CD system formation. Importantly, with an increase in solubility and permeability of piperine as a result of interaction with CD, it was proven to maintain its biological activity concerning the antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay), inhibition of enzymes essential for the inflammatory process and for neurodegenerative changes (hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). 相似文献
2.
Michael Bratychak Mihailo Bratychak Witold Brostow Olena Shyshchak 《Materials Research Innovations》2002,6(1):24-30
Oligomers containing peroxy groups have been synthesized on the basis of epoxides reacting with tert–butylhydroperoxide in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate. Dependence of reaction rates upon the quantity of catalyst,
temperature and also nature of hydroperoxide has been investigated: A kinetic equation for the process has been formulated
and also a kinetic scheme for the reaction taking into account the presence of boron trifluoride etherate is proposed. Structures
of the synthesized peroxy oligomers have been confirmed by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy. The reaction initiating properties of
the oligomers so synthesized were studied using as the example the styrene polymerization reaction.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
3.
Gonzalo Martínez‐Barrera Enrique Vigueras‐Santiago Susana Hernndez‐Lpez Gonzalo Martínez‐Barrera Witold Brostow Carmina Menchaca‐Campos 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2005,45(10):1426-1431
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) contains fibers physically mixed with gravel, sand, cement, and water. So far, adequate mechanical performance of FRC has been obtained at high cost and using complex technologies; important here is the geometry and surface characteristics of the polymers. We have modified polymeric‐fiber surfaces by using gamma radiation. Irradiated polypropylene (PP) fibers were submitted to 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 kGy of gamma irradiation dosages. First, tensile strength of PP fibers was evaluated, and then fibers blended at 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% in volume with Portland cement, gravel, sand, and water. The highest values of compressive strength were obtained with irradiated‐fibers at 10 kGy and 1.5% in volume of fiber. The result is 101 MPa, as compared to 35 MPa for simple concrete without fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1426–1431, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
4.
ME Hoatlin FE Ferro RW Geib MT Fox SL Kozak D Kabat 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,69(2):856-863
Although the Friend virus-encoded membrane glycoprotein (gp55) activates erythropoietin receptors (EpoR) to cause erythroblastosis only in certain inbred strains of mice but not in other species, mutant viruses can overcome aspects of mouse resistance. Thus, mice homozygous for the resistance allele of the Fv-2 gene are unaffected by gp55 but are susceptible to mutant glycoproteins that have partial deletions in their ecotropic domains. These and other results have suggested that proteins coded for by polymorphic Fv-2 alleles might directly or indirectly interact with EpoR and that changes in gp55 can overcome this defense. A new viral mutant with an exceptionally large deletion in its ecotropic domain is now also shown to overcome Fv-2rr resistance. In all cases, the glycoproteins that activate EpoR are processed to cell surfaces as disulfide-bonded dimers. To initiate analysis of nonmurine resistances, we expressed human EpoR and mouse EpoR in the interleukin 3-dependent mouse cell line BaF3 and compared the abilities of Friend virus-encoded glycoproteins to convert these cells to growth factor independence. Human EpoR was activated in these cells by erythropoietin but was resistant to gp55. However, human EpoR was efficiently activated in these cells by the same viral mutants that overcome Fv-2rr resistance in mice. By construction and analysis of human-mouse EpoR chimeras, we obtained evidence that the cytosolic domain of human EpoR contributes to its resistance to gp55 and that this resistance is mediated by accessory cellular factors. Aspects of host resistance in both murine and nonmurine species are targeted specifically against the ecotropic domain of gp55. 相似文献
5.
Witold Brostow Bernard Bujard Patrick E. Cassidy Haley E. Hagg Pablo E. Montemartini 《Materials Research Innovations》2002,6(1):7-12
Samples were prepared by addition of a fluorinated poly(aryl ether ketone) (12F-PEK) to a commercial epoxy resin and curing
at either 24 °C or 70 °C. The concentrations of fluoropolymer in the samples were 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. Phase inversion
facilitates the formation of more and more smooth surfaces for scratch testing with increasing fluoropolymer concentration.
A progressively increasing load from 0.03 N to 12 N was administered with a diamond tip to the surfaces of the samples; depths
were determined within ±7.5 nm. The original scratch depth is a function of the fluoropolymer concentration. Scratch recovery
(healing) reaches values up to 95%. Plots of the residual depth versus concentration of the fluoropolymer at 4, 6, 8, and
10 N reveal minima for all forces and both temperatures. Addition of only 5% or 10% 12F-PEK improves the scratch recovery
significantly. The results are explained by changes of material morphology with the fluoropolymer concentration.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
6.
Genetically optimized fuzzy polynomial neural networks with fuzzy set-based polynomial neurons 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we propose and investigate a new category of neurofuzzy networks—fuzzy polynomial neural networks (FPNN) endowed with fuzzy set-based polynomial neurons (FSPNs) We develop a comprehensive design methodology involving mechanisms of genetic optimization, and genetic algorithms (GAs) in particular. The conventional FPNNs developed so far are based on the mechanisms of self-organization, fuzzy neurocomputing, and evolutionary optimization. The design of the network exploits the FSPNs as well as the extended group method of data handling (GMDH). Let us stress that in the previous development strategies some essential parameters of the networks (such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial, the number of membership functions, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables) being available within the network are provided by the designer in advance and kept fixed throughout the overall development process. This restriction may hamper a possibility of developing an optimal architecture of the model. The design proposed in this study addresses this issue. The augmented and genetically developed FPNN (gFPNN) results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in the conventional FPNNs. The GA-based design procedure being applied at each layer of the FPNN leads to the selection of the most suitable nodes (or FSPNs) available within the FPNN. In the sequel, two general optimization mechanisms are explored. First, the structural optimization is realized via GAs whereas the ensuing detailed parametric optimization is carried out in the setting of a standard least square method-based learning. The performance of the gFPNN is quantified through experimentation in which we use a number of modeling benchmarks—synthetic and experimental data being commonly used in fuzzy or neurofuzzy modeling. The obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed networks over the models existing in the references. 相似文献
7.
8.
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations: inequalities in rates between US socioeconomic groups 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
OBJECTIVES: The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) was used to evaluate potentially avoidable hospital conditions as an indicator of equity and efficiency in the US health care system. METHODS: With the use of 1990 data from the NHDS, the National Health Interview Survey, and the census, national rates of hospitalization were calculated for avoidable conditions by age, race, median income of zip code, and insurance status. RESULTS: An estimated 3.1 million hospitalizations were for potentially avoidable conditions. This was 12% of all hospitalizations in 1990 (excluding psychiatric admissions, women with deliveries, and newborns). Rates of potentially avoidable hospitalizations were higher for persons living in middle- and low-income areas than for persons living in high-income areas, and were higher among Blacks than among Whites. These class and racial differences were also found among the privately insured. Differences among income and racial groups for persons aged 65 and over were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Inequalities in potentially avoidable hospitalizations suggest inequity and inefficiency in the health care delivery system. Avoidable hospital conditions are a useful national indicator to monitor access to care. 相似文献
9.
Pedrycz W Bargiela A 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2012,42(3):582-590
Clustering forms one of the most visible conceptual and algorithmic framework of developing information granules. In spite of the algorithm being used, the representation of information granules-clusters is predominantly numeric (coming in the form of prototypes, partition matrices, dendrograms, etc.). In this paper, we consider a concept of granular prototypes that generalizes the numeric representation of the clusters and, in this way, helps capture more details about the data structure. By invoking the granulation-degranulation scheme, we design granular prototypes being reflective of the structure of data to a higher extent than the representation that is provided by their numeric counterparts (prototypes). The design is formulated as an optimization problem, which is guided by the coverage criterion, meaning that we maximize the number of data for which their granular realization includes the original data. The granularity of the prototypes themselves is treated as an important design asset; hence, its allocation to the individual prototypes is optimized so that the coverage criterion becomes maximized. With this regard, several schemes of optimal allocation of information granularity are investigated, where interval-valued prototypes are formed around the already produced numeric representatives. Experimental studies are provided in which the design of granular prototypes of interval format is discussed and characterized. 相似文献
10.
Kallwass Helmut K.W.; Surewicz Witold K.; Parris Wendy; Macfarlane Emma L.A.; Luyten Marcel A.; Kay Cyril M.; Gold Marvin; Jones J.Bryan 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1992,5(8):769-774
Lactate dehydrogenases are of considerable interest as stereospecificcatalysts in the chemical preparation of enantiomerically pure-hydroxyacid synthons. For such applications in synthetic organicchemistry it would be desirable to have enzymes which tolerateelevated temperatures for prolonged reaction times, to increaseproductivity and to extend then applicability to poor substrates.Here, two examples are reported of significant thermostabilizations,induced by sitedirected mutagenesis, of an already thermostableprotein, the L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27
[EC]
, 35 kDa permonomer subunit) from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Thermal inactivationof this enzyme is accompanied by irreversible unfolding of thenative protein structure. The replacement of Argl71 by Tyr stabilizesthe enzyme against thermal inactivation and unfolding. Thisstabilizing effect appears to be based on improved interactionsbetween the subunits in the core of the active dimeric or tetramericforms of the enzyme. The thermal stability of L-lactate dehydrogenasevariants with an active site Arg residue, either in the 171(wild-type) or in the 102 position, is further increased bysulfate ions. The two stabilizing effects are additive, as foundfor the Argl71Tyr/ Gln1O2Arg double mutant, for which the stabilityof the protein in 100 mM sulfate solution reaches that of L-lactatedehydrogenases from extreme thermophiles. All mutant proteinsretain significant catalytic activity, both in the presenceand absence of stnhilfoing salts, and are viable catalysts inpreparative scale reactions. 相似文献