流域一、二级水生态分区技术及在辽河流域的应用

基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应指标分析框架,提出水生态一、二级分区所适用的指标类别,在环境要素与水生态系统因子相关性分析和环境要素空间变异尺度分析基础上,建立了流域水生态一、二级分区指标体系。采用"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的分区方法,在辽河流域进行了水生态一、二级分区应用研究,将辽河流域划分为4个水生态一级分区和8个二级分区,并对各个水生态分区的特征进行了总结。辽河流域分区应用表明,水生态分区过程中仍然存在较大的主观因素,尤其是水生态二级分区边界的确定。     

Spidermen Strategy for Stable 24% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

The interface energetics-modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) among the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Considering the low carrier mobility caused by defects in PSCs, a double-layer modification engineering strategy is adopted to introduce the “spiderman” NOBF₄ (nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate) between tin dioxide (SnO₂ and perovskite layers. NO⁺, as the interfacial bonding layer, can passivate the oxygen vacancy in SnO₂, while BF₄⁻ can optimize the defects in the bulk of perovskite. This conclusion is confirmed by theoretical calculation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synergistic effect of NO⁺ and BF₄⁻ distinctly heightens the carrier extraction efficiency, and the PCE of PSCs is 24.04% with a fill factor (FF) of 82.98% and long-term stability. This study underlines the effectiveness of multifunctional additives in improving interface contact and enhancing PCE of PSCs.     

Lighting Up MicroRNA in Living Cells by the Disassembly of Lock‐Like DNA‐Programmed UCNPs‐AuNPs through the Target Cycling Amplification Strategy

Intracellular microRNAs imaging based on upconversion nanoprobes has great potential in cancer diagnostics and treatments. However, the relatively low detection sensitivity limits their application. Herein, a lock‐like DNA (LLD) generated by a hairpin DNA (H1) hybridizing with a bolt DNA (bDNA) sequence is designed, which is used to program upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF₄@NaYF₄:Yb, Er@NaYF₄) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The upconversion emission is quenched through luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET). The multiple LLD can be repeatedly opened by one copy of target microRNA under the aid of fuel hairpin DNA strands (H2) to trigger disassembly of AuNPs from the UCNP, resulting in the lighting up of UCNPs with a high detection signal gain. This strategy is verified using microRNA‐21 as model. The expression level of microRNA‐21 in various cells lines can be sensitively measured in vitro, meanwhile cancer cells and normal cells can be easily and accurately distinguished by intracellular microRNA‐21 imaging via the nanoprobes. The detection limit is about 1000 times lower than that of the previously reported upconversion nanoprobes without signal amplification. This is the first time a nonenzymatic signal amplification method has been combined with UCNPs for imaging intracellular microRNAs, which has great potential for cancer diagnosis.     

The first measurement of an absolute surface concentration of reaction intermediates in ethylene hydrogenation

The first measurement of a turnover rate with respect to surface intermediate concentration in a high pressure heterogeneous catalytic reaction is reported. By using infrared-visible sum frequency generation to study the hydrogenation of ethylene on Pt(111), it was found that the surface concentration of -bonded ethylene, the key reaction intermediate, represented approximately 4% of a monolayer. Thus the absolute turnover rate per surface adsorbed ethylene molecule is 25 times faster than the rate measured per platinum atom. To explain these results, we propose a model of weakly adsorbed ethylene intermediates reacting on atop sites.     

基于判断矩阵的软件评价指标权重分配方法

本文主要讨论判断矩阵的性质和特点，阐明了利用判断矩阵为软件质量评价指标分配权重的原理，对一致性较差的判断矩阵给出了修正方法，最后给出了权重分配方法。     

大缸径船用柴油机部分预混压燃的试验研究

以某中速船用柴油机为研究对象,试验研究了基于二次喷射技术对船用柴油机性能和燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,基于二次喷射技术可以实现大缸径船用柴油机部分预混压燃(partially premixed compress ignition,PPCI)燃烧模式,二次喷射的预喷正时、预喷油量及燃油喷射压力对PPCI燃烧过程有明显影响。通过二次喷射策略在单缸机开展试验研究,确定了适用于大缸径船机的PPCI燃烧的燃油喷射控制策略:在平均有效压力(break mean effective pressure,BMEP)为0.3MPa时,采用105MPa喷射压力、上止点前20°预喷时刻和20%预喷油量,在BMEP为0.6MPa时,选择120MPa喷射压力、上止点前35°预喷时刻和28%预喷油量的喷油策略,可以实现较为理想的PPCI燃烧,燃油消耗率可改善3.1%～6.2%,碳烟排放降低51%～62%,压升率降低58%～70%。     

超声波强化低品位氧化锌矿在NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中的浸出

研究了低品位氧化锌矿在NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O体系中的浸出,并利用超声波进行了浸出过程的强化。结果表明,超声波能够强化低品位氧化锌矿在氨性浸出剂中的浸出。在总氨浓度为7.5mol/L,n[NH_4~+]∶n[NH_3]为2∶1,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为60 min,超声波浸出,液固比为5∶1的条件下,锌的浸出率可以达到92.1%。当NH3与(NH4)2SO4的摩尔比为1∶1时,此低品位氧化锌矿在浸出Zn2+所形成的配位化合物为[Zn(NH_3)_4]~(2+)。适当增加氨浓度及反应温度可有效提高锌的浸出率。     

基于双分支网络联合训练的虚假新闻检测

虚假新闻在社交媒体上的广泛传播,给社会带来了不同程度的负面影响。针对虚假新闻早期检测任务中,社交上下文信息不充分的问题,提出一种基于双分支网络联合训练的虚假新闻检测模型。该模型由最大池化网络分支（max pooling branch,MPB）和广义均值池化网络分支（generalized mean pooling branch,GPB）组成。MPB采用卷积神经网络对新闻文章进行文本特征提取,GPB引入了可训练的池化层,学习新闻文章潜在的语义特征。同时,在每个分支网络中,对新闻标题和正文之间进行语义关联性度量。最终,对两个分支网络联合训练后的结果进行决策融合,判断新闻的真实性。实验结果表明,提出的模型在准确率、召回率、F1值评测指标上均优于基线模型,F1值达到94.1%,比最优的基线模型提升了6.4个百分点。     

基于方管数控切割的数学建模

利用数控切割机理综合分析了方管及其它管件相贯的几何特点,并以此为依据提供了方管与圆管、方管与方管以及方管与圆锥管之间的空间相贯数学模型,为数控切割的编程奠定了必要的理论基础。为六轴切割机及其相关结构焊接设备的研制做了必要的技术储备。