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The tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m) transformation behaviour and its relationship to microstructural evolution were investigated by means of dilatometry and transmission electron microscopy for ZrO2–9.7 mol% MgO during cyclic heating and cooling between room temperature and 1490 K. In the as-sintered specimens, fine oblate ellipsoidal t-phase precipitates, 20–50 nm in diameter and 100–200 nm long, were distributed in the cubic (c)-phase matrix. They were below a critical size for transformation and exhibited no transformation in the first three cycles. In the fourth and further cycles, transformation occurred in two distinct stages. A low-temperature stage appeared at 850–1000 K on heating and at 400–700 K on cooling, while a high-temperature stage appeared at 1350–1400 K on heating and at 1000–1200 K on cooling. With the increasing number of cycles, at first the size of low-temperature stages increased and then decreased above ten cycles accompanying the development of the high-temperature stage. During cyclic heating and cooling, coarsening of ellipsoidal precipitates and decomposition of c- and t-phases occurred. As a result of the decomposition, MgO particles and a new m-phase containing a very low concentration of MgO were produced. The coarsened ellipsoidal t-phase precipitates were responsible for the low-temperature stage. The new m- or t-phase containing very low MgO produced by the decomposition was responsible for the high-temperature stage. 相似文献
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CHU Man-sheng YANG Xue-feng SHEN Feng-man YAGI jun-ichiro NOGAMI Hiroshi 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》2006,13(6):8-15
To date ,blast furnace operators have a relative-ly good understanding of internal mechanisms ,andno longer treat blast furnace as a“black box”. Forthe blast furnace , however , one of the most com-plex metallurgical units inthe field of chemical engi-neering,the complexity keeps proliferating with theadoption of newtechnologies ,such as high rate in-jection of pulverized coal ,effective use of carbona-ceous andferrous materials ,and so on.If merely bydirect instrumentation and empirical kno… 相似文献
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YOSHIRO MASADA KEIJI HASHIMOTO TAKEHISA INOUE MARIO SUZUKI 《Journal of food science》1971,36(6):858-860
SUMMARY— The pungent principles of Capsicum annuum includes at least five closely related compounds . Four of these pungent compounds-capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin-were separated by gas chromatography with a 3% SE-30 column and identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Separation of these compounds into oleoresin capsicum by gas chromatography is also reported. 相似文献
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焦炭过滤床在线分离电炉粉尘中氧化锌的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用电炉粉尘与焦炭粉的混合试样,对利用焦炭过滤床在线回收电炉粉尘,在CO/CO2混合气体中氧化锌的还原分离工艺进行了模拟研究.热力学分析表明,在所设焦炭过滤床的温度及气氛条件下,固-固还原和气-固还原反应都可以发生,氧化锌的还原分离是可以实现的.实验结果表明,与单独被固体碳或CO还原时相比较,混合试样在固体碳和CO同时存在时的初期减重率变化最快,最终还原率最高.在粉尘颗粒表面,被还原的金属铁生成及聚积长大后,将对还原气体向颗粒内部进一步扩散起到阻碍作用,对颗粒内部残存的微量ZnO的还原产生不利影响.如何加快氧化锌的还原分离而抑制氧化铁的还原及聚集长大将成为提高氧化锌回收率的关键. 相似文献
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YOSHIRO ISHII KAZUO ARAI HIROSHI NAMIKAWA MITSUHIRO TANAKA AKIRA NEGISHI TAKASHI HANDA 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1987,70(2):72-77
Cerium-activated silica (SiO2 ) glasses were prepared by plasma torch chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In Ce-doped SiO2 glasses, most Ce exists as Ce4+ ions; the remaining small amount of Ce3+ ions exhibits a broad fluorescence spectrum with a large Stokes shift, ∼9600 cm-1 , from the excitation spectrum peak of 324 nm. Aluminum and phosphorus codoping considerably increases the Ce3+ ratio and shifts the peaks of both spectra to shorter wavelengths. P codoping is the more effective way to achieve this result and in some cases produces an absorption spectrum similar to that of a Ce-doped phosphate glass. These findings are consistent with the solvatiorn shell model for codoping, as previously proposed. To codope P, a soot remelting method was devised to deal with the highly volatile P2 O5 . 相似文献
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N. MIYAJIMA C. HOLZAPFEL Y. ASAHARA L. DUBROVINSKY D.J. FROST D.C. RUBIE M. DRECHSLER K. NIWA M. ICHIHARA T. YAGI 《Journal of microscopy》2010,238(3):200-209
This paper reports a procedure to combine the focused ion beam micro‐sampling method with conventional Ar‐milling to prepare high‐quality site‐specific transmission electron microscopy cross‐section samples. The advantage is to enable chemical and structural evaluations of oxygen dissolved in a molten iron sample to be made after quenching and recovery from high‐pressure experiments in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. The evaluations were performed by using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The high signal to noise ratios of electron energy‐loss spectroscopy core‐loss spectra from the transmission electron microscopy thin foil, re‐thinned down to 40 nm in thickness by conventional Argon ion milling, provided us with oxygen quantitative analyses of the quenched molten iron phase. In addition, we could obtain lattice‐fringe images using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electron energy‐loss spectroscopy analysis of oxygen in Fe0.94O has been carried out with a relative accuracy of 2%, using an analytical procedure proposed for foils thinner than 80 nm. Oxygen K‐edge energy‐loss near‐edge structure also allows us to identify the specific phase that results from quenching and its electronic structure by the technique of fingerprinting of the spectrum with reference spectra in the Fe‐O system. 相似文献
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CHU Man-sheng GUO Xian-zhen SHEN Feng-man YAGI Jun-ichiro NOGAMI Hiroshi 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》2007,14(2):13-19
The reducibility of iron-bearing burdens was emphasized for improving the operation efficiency of blast furnace. The blast furnace operation of charging the burdens with high reducibility has been numerically evaluated using a multi-fluid blast furnace model. The effects of reaction rate constants and diffusion coefficients were investigated separately or simultaneously for clarifying the variations of furnace state. According to the model simulation results, in the upper zone, the indirect reduction of the burdens proceeds at a faster rate and the shaft efficiency is enhanced with the improvement under the conditions of interface reaction and intra-particle diffusion. In the lower zone, direct reduction in molten slag is restrained. As a consequence, CO utilization of top gas is enhanced and the ratio of direct reduction is decreased. It is possible to achieve higher energy efficiency of the blast furnace, and this is represented by the improvement in productivity and the decrease in consumption of reducing agent. The use of high-reducibility burdens contributes to a better performance of blast furnace. More efforts are necessary to develop and apply high-reducibility sinter and carbon composite agglomerates for practical application at a blast furnace. 相似文献