VERTICAL IMPINGING STREAMS AND SPOUTED BED DRYERS COMPARISON AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

A comparison made between spouted-bed and two-impinging-streams reactors proved the superiority of the-impinging-streams dryer The latter device exhibited, on the one hand, relatively small energy requirements for pumping the phases through the reactor and, on the other hand, improved drying characteristics Thus the two-imping-streams reactor is recommended as a useful device for drying operations     

Theory and data for simulating fine-scale human movement in an urban environment

Individual-based models of infectious disease transmission depend on accurate quantification of fine-scale patterns of human movement. Existing models of movement either pertain to overly coarse scales, simulate some aspects of movement but not others, or were designed specifically for populations in developed countries. Here, we propose a generalizable framework for simulating the locations that an individual visits, time allocation across those locations, and population-level variation therein. As a case study, we fit alternative models for each of five aspects of movement (number, distance from home and types of locations visited; frequency and duration of visits) to interview data from 157 residents of the city of Iquitos, Peru. Comparison of alternative models showed that location type and distance from home were significant determinants of the locations that individuals visited and how much time they spent there. We also found that for most locations, residents of two neighbourhoods displayed indistinguishable preferences for visiting locations at various distances, despite differing distributions of locations around those neighbourhoods. Finally, simulated patterns of time allocation matched the interview data in a number of ways, suggesting that our framework constitutes a sound basis for simulating fine-scale movement and for investigating factors that influence it.     

Landscape ecology and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases: tools for spatial analysis

We studied twins to examine the genetics of epilepsy syndromes. We ascertained 358 twin pairs in whom one or both reported seizures. After evaluation, 253 of 358 (71%) had seizure disorders and 105 pairs were false positives. Among the monozygous (MZ) pairs, more were concordant for seizures (48 of 108; casewise concordance = 0.62 +/- 0.05) than among the dizygous (DZ) pairs (14 of 145; casewise concordance = 0.18 +/- 0.04). In 94% of concordant MZ pairs, and 71% of concordant DZ pairs, both twins had the same major epilepsy syndrome. When analyzed according to major epilepsy syndrome, the casewise concordances for generalized epilepsies (MZ = 0.82; DZ = 0.26), both idiopathic (MZ = 0.76; DZ = 0.33) and symptomatic (MZ = 0.83; DZ = 0), were greater than those for partial epilepsies (MZ = 0.36; DZ = 0.05), with intermediate values seen for febrile seizures (MZ = 0.58; DZ = 0.14) and unclassified epilepsies (MZ = 0.53; DZ = 0.18). We conclude that genetic factors are particularly important in the generalized epilepsies but also play a role in the partial epilepsies. The high frequency of concordant MZ pairs with the same major syndrome strongly suggests there are syndrome-specific genetic determinants rather than a broad genetic predisposition to seizures.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND SCALE-UP OF COAXIAL IMPINGING STREAMS GAS - SOLID CONTACTORS

Scale-up rules and characteristic behavior were defined for coaxial impinging - stream reactors concerning the hydrodynamics, mean residence time and RTD of the particles and heat transfer in drying operations.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND SCALE-UP OF COAXIAL IMPINGING STREAMS GAS - SOLID CONTACTORS

Scale-up rules and characteristic behavior were defined for coaxial impinging - stream reactors concerning the hydrodynamics, mean residence time and RTD of the particles and heat transfer in drying operations.     

APPLICATIONS OF IMPINGING-STREAMS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES—REVIEW

Various aspects of the method of impinging-streams, which proved to be one of the most efficient methods for performing the gas-solid operations in Chemical Engineering, are discussed. The aim of the review is to bring the method of impinging-streams and its possibilities to the attention of the Chemical Engineering community, to stimulate further research in the field and to encourage the technological applications of this method. KEYWORDS: Impinging streams, Impinging jets, Impingement zone, Opposed jets