Identification of stress-induced leakage current components and thecorresponding trap models in SiO2 films [MOStransistors]

Time-decay stress-induced leakage current (SILC) has been systematically investigated for the cases of both Fowler-Nordheim (FN) stress and substrate hot-hole stress. From the three viewpoints of the reproducibility of the current component for the gate voltage scan, the change of oxide charge during the gate voltage scan, and the resistance of the current component to thermal annealing, it has been found that time-decay stress-induced leakage current is composed of five current components, regardless of stress type. Trap models corresponding to each current component have been proposed. In addition, it has also been proven that holes generate the electron traps related to one of those current components     

Chirality-antimicrobial relationship of quaternary ammonium cationics

Optically active and racemic quaternary ammonium cationics containing a chiral alkyl group, such as N,N-dimethyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)alkylammonium bromides were prepared and showed excellent antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and negative bacteria, with some exceptions, and against fungi. The influence of optical isomerism on their antimicrobial properties showed that the antimicrobial properties between racemic and optically active cationics were obscure. The order of activity of substituted alkyl groups was tetradecyl > dodecyl ° hexadecyl.     

Design optimization of tall tubular lead/acid cells based on an analysis of the reaction distribution

In order to estimate the discharge performance of tall lead/acid cells (with tubular positives), changes in current and potential distributions with discharge progress were calculated with a computer on the basis of plate resistance and the current—potential—time relationship between small facing parts of positive and negative plates. The taller the cell, the larger the voltage drop along the plates. Thus, the discharge time became shorter despite a large amount of available active mass remaining in the bottom part of the plates.Various current-collector designs were evaluated, e.g., one with varying resistance at each height; a side conductor placed along the plates and connected to them at the top, centre and bottom, etc. Results revealed an optimum collector design with which the maximum discharge capacity could be obtained. Furthermore, it was shown that the side conductor markedly improved the discharge performance because the active mass near the connecting parts was appreciably used.     

A 7 ns 1 Mb BiCMOS ECL SRAM with shift redundancy

A 7-Mb BiCMOS ECL (emitter coupled logic) SRAM was fabricated in a 0.8 μm BiCMOS process. An improved buffer with a high-level output of nearly V_CC is adopted to eliminate the DC current in the level converter circuit, and the PMOS transistor has a wide operating margin in the level converter. The configurable bit organization is realized by using a sense-amplifier switch circuit with no access degradation. A wired-OR demultiplexer for the ×1 output, having the same critical path as the ×4 output circuit, allows for the same access time between the two modes. The ×1 or ×4 mode is electrically selected by the external signal. A simplified programming redundancy technology, shift redundancy, is utilized. Address programming is performed by cutting only one fuse in the shift redundancy. The RAM operates at the ECL-10K level with an access time of 7 ns. and the power dissipation at 50 MHz is 600 mW for the × mode     

An improved cryofixation method: cryoquenching of small tissue blocks during microwave irradiation

The metal contact method of rapid freezing is greatly improved by irradiating the specimen with microwaves at 2.45 GHz for a short period of time (50 ms), while pushing the specimen onto the surface of the copper block cooled by liquid N₂. The microwave irradiation, together with two technical improvements (a light-mass plunger and a recently developed β-gel shock absorber) for preventing bounce, produces a good freezing zone for squid retina, with high reproducibility for each experimental trial, extending from the contact surface to a depth of about 15 μm, which is comparable to the depth obtained by the metal contact method using liquid He in the absence of microwave irradiation. A good freezing zone was also experimentally demonstrated in specimens of rat liver and heart muscle. Microwave irradiation does not have appreciable effects on the ultrastructure of squid retina. The mechanism underlying the improvement in the rapid freezing under the microwave irradiation is discussed.     

A video codec LSI for high-definition TV systems withone-transistor DRAM line memories

A video codec LSI for high-definition television (HDTV) systems has been developed. By using a time-compressed integration encoding technique, it converts a 20.0-MHz bandwidth luminance signal and two 5.0-MHz chrominance signals into a compressed image signal at 48.6-MHz sampling frequency. It is useful in many HDTV application systems, such as 400-Mb/s digital transmission system, a video disk player system, or an analog transmission system. Over 288000 elements, including a 52-kb one-transistor DRAM (dynamic random access memory) line memory specially developed for this LSI, were integrated on a 12.16×12.10-mm² chip. A standard cell layout method and a 1.2-μm CMOS logic LSI process were used     

Novel B-ring modified combretastatin analogues: syntheses and antineoplastic activity

A series of B-ring modified combretastatin analogues were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against microtubule assembly, cytotoxic activity against Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line were evaluated. Among these, pyridone derivative (19) showed strong antimitotic activity and cytotoxicity, along with excellent water-solubility.     

Co-crosslinking blend of incompatible polymers VI: Poly(vinyl chloride) toughened with polyethylene via a co-crosslinking technique

A binary blend which consists of two incompatible polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) and polyethylene has been performed through a partial co-crosslinking reaction with peroxide to give a co-crosslinked blend with a uniform dispersion of small polyethylene particles and with an improved mechanical property. The results are obtained through the formation of a co-crosslinked product which acts as a potential solid phase dispersant as well as a well-bonded reinforcing interlayer on polyethylene particles uniformly dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The resulting blends (PVC/PE=10/90 wt) give carbon spherules of 0.5 to 1m diameter through pressure-carbonization at 650° C for 1 h.     

Study on triazine thiols. IV. Action of triazine thiols and their metal salts to peroxide

Decomposition of t-butylhydroperoxide was retarded by triazine thiols and their zinc salts, but accelerated by the copper salts of triazine thiols as well as sulfur compounds such as dithiocarbamates and mercaptobenzothiazolates. Triazine thiols and their zine salts are effective antioxidants for polyethylene crosslinked with peroxide and containing copper, and for protecting epichlorohydrin vulcanizates against attack by “sour” or hydroperoxide-containing gasoline.