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1.
Power devices with high capability have been developed. 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors have the highest capability among power devices. These devices are used in the Kii Channel HVDC transmission system in Japan. In this paper, we report the extracted problems of conventional testing methods of 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors among manufacturers, and the proposed unified testing methods on the basis of element characteristics and operating conditions in the Kii Channel HVDC system. Furthermore, we propose a figure of merit for power devices for the practical use, and try to extract elements used at the Kii Channel HVDC system with small margins and low withstand capabilities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 61–70, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10024 相似文献
2.
Namsin Park Takeyuki Shiraishi Kazuyoshi Kamisugi Yoshitaka Hara Keita Iizuka Takashi Kado Shuzi Hayase 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):371-375
A direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), which is less prone to ethanol crossover, is reported. The cell consists of PtRu/C catalyst as the anode, Nafion® 117 membrane, and Ni–Co–Fe (NCF) composite catalyst as the cathode. The NCF catalyst was synthesized by mixing Ni, Co, and Fe complexes into a polymer matrix (melamine-formaldehyde resins), followed by heating the mixture at 800 °C under inert atmosphere. TEM and EDX experiments suggest that the NCF catalyst has alloy structures of Ni, Co and Fe. The catalytic activity of the NCF catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was compared with that of commercially available Pt/C (CAP) catalyst at different ethanol concentrations. The decrease in open circuit voltage (Voc) of the DEFC equipped with the NCF catalysts was less than that of CAP catalyst at higher ethanol concentrations. The NCF catalyst was less prone to ethanol oxidation at cathode even when ethanol crossover occurred through the Nafion®117 film, which prevents voltage drop at the cathode. However, the CAP catalyst did oxidize ethanol at the cathode and caused a decrease in voltage at higher ethanol concentrations. 相似文献
3.
Dilip Chandra Ghimire Sudip Adhikari Hideo Uchida Masayoshi Umeno 《Diamond and Related Materials》2006,15(11-12):1792
We report the effects of gas composition pressure (GCP) on the optical, structural and electrical properties of thin amorphous carbon (a-C) films grown on p-type silicon and quartz substrates by microwave surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MW SWP CVD). The films, deposited at various GCPs ranging from 50 to 110 Pa, were studied by UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and current–voltage characteristics. The optical band gap of the a-C film was tailored to a relatively high range, 2.3–2.6 eV by manipulating GCPs from 50 to 110 Pa. Also, spin density strongly depended on the band gap of the a-C films. Raman spectra showed qualitative structured changes due to sp3/sp2 carbon bonding network. The surfaces of the films are found to be very smooth and uniform (RMS roughness < 0.5 nm). The photovoltaic measurements under light illumination (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show that short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and photo-conversion efficiency of the film deposited at 50 Pa were 6.4 μA/cm2, 126 mV, 0.164 and 1.4 × 10− 4% respectively. 相似文献
4.
Hitomi Natomi Toshihito Saitoh Kentaro Sugano Masao Iwamori Masahisa Fukayama Yoshitaka Nagai 《Lipids》1993,28(8):737-742
The composition of the glycosphingolipids of the human gastrointestinal tract was studied. The major neutral glycosphingolipids
were ceramide monohexosides (e.g., GalCer, GlcCer), LacCer, Gb3Cer, Gb4Cer and more polar ones with more than four sugars, whereas neither Gg3Cer nor Gg4Cer were present. The acidic glycosphingolipids consisted of sulfatides and gangliosides such as GM3, GM1, GD3 and GD1a. Also a large amount of sulfatides was found in the gastric mucosa and duodenum. The concentrations of sulfatides in the
fundic mucosa, antral mucosa and duodenum amounted to 416.0, 933.8 and 682.9 nmol/g of dry weight, respectively, exceeding
those in the gastric mucosa and kidney of other mammals. The major molecular species of the sulfatides were identified as
I3SO3-GalCer with hydroxylated longer-chain fatty acids based on the analyses by gas-liquid chromatography and negative ion fast-atom
bombardment mass spectrometry. In contrast, gangliosides in these regions showed a tendency to be lower than sulfatides, and
the molar ratios of sulfatides to gangliosides were about 2.0, whereas those in other parts were less than 0.5. A high content
of sulfatides in the gastric and duodenal mucosa, where mucosa is easily insulted by acid, pepsin and bile salts, may be closely
related to their roles in mucosal protection.
The nomenclature used for gangliosides and other glycosphingolipids follows the system of Svennerholm (Ref. 1) and the recommendation
of the IUPAC-IUB Commission (Ref. 2), respectively. 相似文献
5.
X.M. Tian S. Adhikari S. Adhikary H. Uchida M. Umeno T. Soga T. Jimbo 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):1839
Nitrogen incorporated diamond like carbon films have been deposited by microwave surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MW-SWP-CVD), using methane (CH4) as the source of carbon and with different nitrogen flow rates (N2 / CH4 flow ratios between 0 and 3). The influence of the nitrogen incorporation on the optical, structural properties and surface morphology of the carbon films were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques. The nitrogen has been incorporated into DLC:N films which was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. Moreover, the nitrogen incorporation was accompanied by a variation in the optical gap, which was attributed to the removal or creation of band tail states. 相似文献
6.
In photo-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose, the effect of metallic ions as sensitizer was investigated. Some metallic ions were effective in their adsorbed states and accelerated the formation of grafts in the order Fe2+ > Ag+ > Fe3+. However, Cu2+ acted negatively, and little effect was observed for Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+. In the systems in which aqueous metallic salt solutions were added, the formation of grafts was generally depressed, but Fe3+ was an exception. The effect of metallic ions on the scission reaction of cellulose main chains did not necessarily agree with the effect on the formation of grafts. This is attributed to the varied interaction between cellulose and the different active species produced by irradiation, depending on the type of metallic ions used. 相似文献
7.
The effect of sodium thiosulfate on the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate to cellulose in the hydrogen peroxide initiator system was investigated. The addition of sodium thiosulfate in general was effective for decreasing the per cent grafting and the average molecular weight of grafts and increasing the formation of homopolymer, and the effects became pronounced with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration. Moreover, the addition of sodium thiosulfate slightly suppressed the formation of grafts at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3 mmole/l., but greatly promoted it at 20 mmole/l. Traces of metallic ions present in cellulose could not be eliminated sufficiently by treatment with 3N hydrochloric acid. Such ions were found to interact with hydrogen peroxide and thus participate directly in the initiation and termination of the polymerization reaction. EDTA, the chelating agent, was highly effective for suppressing such participation of metallic ions. In the hydrogen peroxide initiator system applied to the EDTA-treated samples, sodium thiosulfate caused an effective initiation of graft formation. 相似文献
8.
Template‐Free Fabrication of Mesoporous Alumina Nanospheres Using Post‐Synthesis Water‐Ethanol Treatment of Monodispersed Aluminium Glycerate Nanospheres for Molybdenum Adsorption 下载免费PDF全文
Indra Saptiama Yusuf Valentino Kaneti Yoshitaka Suzuki Kunihiko Tsuchiya Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu Takeji Sakae Jeonghun Kim Yong‐Mook Kang Katsuhiko Ariga Yusuke Yamauchi 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(21)
This work reports the template‐free fabrication of mesoporous Al2O3 nanospheres with greatly enhanced textural characteristics through a newly developed post‐synthesis “water‐ethanol” treatment of aluminium glycerate nanospheres followed by high temperature calcination. The proposed “water‐ethanol” treatment is highly advantageous as the resulting mesoporous Al2O3 nanospheres exhibit 2–4 times higher surface area (up to 251 m2 g?1), narrower pore size distribution, and significantly lower crystallization temperature than those obtained without any post‐synthesis treatment. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed strategy, a nearly identical post‐synthesis “water treatment” method is successfully used to prepare mesoporous monometallic (e.g., manganese oxide (MnO2)) and bimetallic oxide (e.g., CuCo2O4 and MnCo2O4) nanospheres assembled of nanosheets or nanoplates with highly enhanced textural characteristics from the corresponding monometallic and bimetallic glycerate nanospheres, respectively. When evaluated as molybdenum (Mo) adsorbents for potential use in molybdenum‐99/technetium‐99m (99Mo/99mTc) generators, the treated mesoporous Al2O3 nanospheres display higher molybdenum adsorption performance than non‐treated Al2O3 nanospheres and commercial Al2O3, thereby suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for improving the functional performance of oxide materials. It is expected that the proposed method can be utilized to prepare other mesoporous metal oxides with enhanced textural characteristics and functional performance. 相似文献
9.
Since the control methods of a transport system between processing machines are specialized for each layout of the system,
it is difficult to design prompt schedules and control logic for new complicated systems, especially in cases of machine faults
or restructuring the system to modify the layout. In this article, we describe a multiagent transport control system which
utilizes pheromone information. Each element of the system acts as an agent and estimates the appropriate path and time to
drive out the products using information obtained by communication with other elements as well as pheromone information deposited
on the tracks of the products. 相似文献
10.
Yoshitaka Sawa Kenji Yamashita Takeshi Kitadani Daiji Noda Tadashi Hattori 《Microsystem Technologies》2010,16(8-9):1369-1375
The nickel electroforming method using a high-concentration nickel sulfamate bath is commonly used to fabricate micro metal molds in the LIGA process; however, this method does not produce micro metal molds of sufficient hardness. One means of improving the hardness of micro metal molds made using the nickel electroforming method is to include additives in the nickel plating solution. Another method is nickel alloy plating or a similar technique. In this research, we used a nickel–boron (Ni–B) electroless alloy plating method to obtain a hard nickel plated film having hardness of 832 Hv. It was also ascertained that Ni–B electroless alloy plated film retains its high hardness even during heat treatment in conditions of 250°C for 1 h. To deal with the high stresses developed in high-hardness plated films, we proposed double-layer nickel electroforming. This method is covered and used on conventional nickel electroforming layer by high hardness micro mold. High hardness micro metal mold using double-layer was fabricated by nickel electroforming and Ni–B electroless alloy plating method. 相似文献