Processing of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Waste Slag for its Complex Recovery as a Secondary Mineral Raw Material

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - The article presents an overview of the methods of processing slag from Waelz process, and various approaches employed by scientists globally, aimed at...     

Properties of carbopyroceram

Carbopyroceram is obtained by directed crystallization in pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. The high physicochemical, strength, elastic, surface, and other properties make it applicable for making artificial heart valves that must function for many years. Experiments have shown that carbon, which constitutes the base of carbopyroceram, has a normal electrochemical potential and a surface energy close to those of the living tissue of an organism, which determines its biological compatibility. The present paper concerns the strength, elastic, thermophysical, x-ray diffraction, and electrical properties of carbopyroceram. The parameters of the properties are needed for calculating the service time of endogenic prostheses.     

Conceptual design and the simulation of final cooling section for a muon collider

The scheme of final cooling for muon beams, based on using current-carrying liquid-lithium rods, is discussed. The dynamics of particles in the course of cooling taking into account the non-paraxial motion has been studied with the help of computer simulation. It is suggested to minimize the effective increase of the longitudinal emittance caused by fluctuations of ionization losses and large angular spread, by the rotation of the longitudinal phase-space portrait for arranging self-action. We have considered the non-dissipative multiple successive full emittance redistribution from the longitudinal dimension to transverse one, necessary for cooling of all degrees of freedom. This redistribution is based on special rotations of the particle six-dimensional phase space by the beam division in several streams and their consequent merging with the minimum increment of full emittance and minimal beam losses taking into account their local phase-space density. Some of the basic technical parameters of the cooling system elements have been estimated.     

The characteristics of the contact area of an endoprosthesis made from Ostek graphite-based material and of the mandibular bone fragment

Interactions between endoprostheses made of carbonic composition "Ostec" and bone tissue were studied after plastic repair of experimental vast defects in the mandible in 22 rabbits and 10 dogs over the course of 2 years. Histologic findings showed the formation of a layer of fibrous connective tissue 3 months after the operation and later; at some places the implant directly joins the rabbit bone, which frequently undergoes chondroid transformation. Microscopically, the structure of "Ostec" represents carbonic threads forming large bundles. By the 6th and 12th months of experiment connective tissue elements penetrate the fissures between the bundles and the perforation gaps of the endoprosthesis, forming bone-like and bone structures in them.     

Development of biocompatible carbon fibers from hydrated cellulose for the treatment of glaucoma

A method for the preparation of carbon fiber for drainage under surgical treatment for glaucoma was developed. The carbon fiber was obtained from hydrated cellulose. In the process of the production of carbon fiber, viscose thread underwent thermal stabilization at 270°C, carbonization at 600°C, and graphitization at 1200, 1400, and 2400°C. After graphitization, the fiber underwent surface activation in a flow of atmospheric oxygen for 1 h at a temperature of 600°C or in a flow of carbon dioxide at 900°C, which caused an increase in the sorption capacity and specific surface area of the fiber by a factor of hundreds. The physicochemical properties of the carbon fiber were determined, and the electron-microscopic studies of the cross section of a fiber 7.9 μm in diameter were performed at magnifications of 10 000, 30 000, and 50 000.     

Advances in the technology of carbon glass-ceramic material for artificial heart valves

A new process is suggested for the production of carbon glass-ceramic material (carbositall) of grade USP for fabricating MEDINZh artificial heart valves. The new material increases the reliability and endurance of the valves.