新疆传统酸奶中乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及菌相分析

酸奶是新疆各少数民族经常食用的一种乳制品。从新疆采集的22个酸奶样品中共分离出56株乳酸菌,通过形态特征观察、生理生化实验、糖发酵实验等传统鉴定方法,结合16S r DNA序列分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明,新疆传统酸奶中菌相构成为德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.delbrueckii subsp.)46株(占总分离株的82%);发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.fermentum)2株(4%);瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.helveticus)2株(4%);嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)1株(2%);鸡乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.gallinarum)2株(4%);屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)1株(2%);耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus canis)2株(4%)。说明新疆传统酸奶中德氏乳杆菌为优势菌。      

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha, China

Changsha, a typical city in central China, was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile, previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from 1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to 938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land, and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts, there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.     

玄武岩特征及熔融析晶性能研究

玄武岩纤维作为一种理想的高温烟气过滤材料,确定适宜产地的玄武岩以制备玄武岩纤维显得尤为重要.采用XRF、POM、XRD及TG-DSC方法,对取自黑龙江鸡西玄武岩样品的化学组成、表面形态及熔融析晶特性进行分析研究,为玄武岩纤维的制备提供理论依据.结果表明,其主要矿物成分为拉长石一钙长石,并含有部分辉石、橄榄石及蒙脱石.玄武岩样品的酸度系数为6.0;样品的熔融温度1 332℃、析晶温度1 262℃、纤维制备控制温度约为1 340℃.     

Removal of cadmium and zinc ions from aqueous solution by living Aspergillus niger

1 Introduction Heavy metals like copper, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc cause serious threat to environment, animals and human for their extreme toxicity[1]. Many industries including metal plating, mining, battery, pigment, dyestuff a…     

糕点加工工艺及其膨胀机理研究

本文介绍了糕点的加工工艺及其关键操作要点,探讨了糕点的膨胀机理,并对糕点中的气体来源进行了详细的阐述。     

Effects of added Cd on Cd uptake by oilseed rape and pai-tsai co-cropping

The experiment was designed to study whether the decrease of Cd in the rhizosphere of Zhongyouza Ⅰ,one breed of oilseed rapes （Brassicajunica） that can hyperaccumulate cadmium from the soil, can improve the living condition of less Cd-tolerant plant pai-tsai （Brassia chinensis） with their roots permitted to intermingle and develop coincident rhizosphere. The extent of rhizosphere interactions between Zhongyouza Ⅰ and pai-tsai was controlled by different root barriers, or without barrier. The results show that in the 10 and 20 mg/kg Cd treated soils, pai-tsai gets higher shoot mass and less Cd accumulation in its shoot than in the barrier treatments or in the mono cultures, when its roots are permitted to intermingle with those of Zhongyouza Ⅰ. Meanwhile, soil decontamination rates of Zhongyouza Ⅰ are not affected much by co-cropping with pai-tsai, they are 80.0% and 91.8% of that in the mono cultures of Zhongyouza Ⅰ, respectively. However, the co-cropping method in meliorating the living condition of pai-tsai is not obvious when Cd concentration in soil reaches 40 mg/kg, and soil decontamination rate decreases to 0.14, which is 58.3% of that in the mono culture. These results indicate that the oilseed rape Zhongyouza Ⅰ may alleviate Cd toxicity of surrounding less-tolerant species, and its ability of phytoremediation is not affected much at the same time, especially in the middle polluted soil.     

气相离子迁移谱结合化学计量法快速鉴别不同产地连翘

分析不同产地芋头挥发性有机化合物组成差异,并构建芋头产地溯源的可视化指纹图谱。采用气相离子迁移谱法对不同产地芋头的挥发性物质进行测定,结合主成分分析（PCA）实现样品产地的快速区分,进一步筛选芋头中差异挥发性物质。结果表明,在不同产地芋头中,共检测到45个信号峰,鉴定出26种化合物,包括单体和部分化合物的二聚体。主成分分析将芋头分为3类,其中,靖江香沙芋和奉化芋头的挥发性物质较为相似,而与荔浦芋头、沙沟芋头差别很大。异丙醇、2-甲基-乙酸丁酯、辛酸甲酯是区别不同芋头的特征标记物。该方法直观、快速,为地方特色芋头的区分提供了新方法和技术支持。     

几种面粉添加剂及其作用机理

阐述了增白剂，品质改良剂（增筋剂，减筋剂，发酵剂），营养强化剂等食品添加剂的作用机理，并对增白剂和强筋剂作了安全性评价。     

钢铁企业节电节能措施及效果

电力紧张和电价上涨,使钢铁企业面临更大挑战。介绍钢铁企业的用电状况,通过调整生产结构、需量控制技术,改善工序、优化电网结构、绿色照明等措施可以实现钢铁企业节电增效。     

Exploring harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment based on climate analysis—A study in Changsha,China

The process of urbanization affects the urban warming. The change of urban warming was investigated by several urbanization factors in Changsha, China. The data of surface temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) of Changsha were analyzed to understand the possible effects of urbanization on the climate of this region owing to the population growth, built-up area expansion and energy consumption increases. The weights of these three factors were calculated by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Then, three weights were simulated with nonlinear method to obtain the urbanization development rate which was utilized to reveal the influence of the urbanization factors on the surface temperature. The result shows that there is a significant upward trend in the urban temperatures of Changsha. The temperature increase seems to be closely related to the rate of urbanization between 1993 and 2008, and there is an evidential increase trend of the influence on urban temperature by urbanization during 16 years. It is a quantifiable approach measuring the relationship between urbanization and urban eco-environment, and can be applied for the urban sustainability.