连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数值模拟

连铸中间包的操作条件决定了其内流动现象的复杂性，为此，本文选择两种不同的湍流模型ｋ－ε和ＬＥＳ（Ｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ），建立了描述连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数学模型，并实施了数值计算和模型验证，对单流中间包内的流动现象进行了描述，考察了有，无流动控制情况下中间包内的流动特征和湍流模型的合理性，结果表明，合理的流动控制有利于中间包内非金属夹杂的上浮和吸附，用ｋ－ε模型基本上能够描述     

高拉速连铸结晶器非正弦振动波形

连铸结晶器非正弦振动是保证铸坯质量前提下提高拉速的有效手段,本研究采用分段函数法构造出具有最佳振动模式特点的结晶器非正弦振动波形,给出了其解析表达式,并在此基础上确定了振动工艺参数,最后分析了波形的动力学特性.研究表明,该波形适于实际应用,其参数确定方法为指导连铸生产提供了依据.     

南钢宽厚板坯连铸中间罐流场优化研究

建立了模拟宽厚板坯连铸中间罐的水模型和数学模型,通过水模和数模RTD曲线研究了不同的单墙双坝控流装置及抑湍器与单墙双坝组合控流装置对中间罐内流体流动特性的影响.结果表明,抑湍器与单墙双坝组合控流装置比单墙双坝控流效果好,但以NaCl溶液为示踪剂进行控流效果的模拟实验时可能会存在一定的误差.通过与数模对比,分析了其原因,提出了优化方案.     

STUDY ON NON-SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATION FOR SLAB CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD WITH HIGH CASTING SPEED Ⅰ. Mechanism of Oscillation Marks Formation

通过分析2.0 m/min拉速稳定浇铸时振动周期内弯月面初凝坯壳的受力情况,阐述了高拉速连铸坯表面振痕形成过程,给出振动参数与最大液体摩擦力和最大保护渣渣道动态压力关系;结合振动参数对振动过程参数的影响和实际设备状况,提出了振动参数优化方向,确定了拉速升至2.2 m/min时的振动参数值.结果表明,弯月面初凝坯壳在钢水静压力、摩擦力和保护渣渣道压力作用下随凝固进程形成振痕,振痕生成位置取决于初凝坯壳糊状区固相分率;随拉速提高,应降低振频、增大振幅和非正弦振动因子,以改善振动效果和振痕形貌;拉速升至2.2 m/min时的适宜振频、振幅和非正弦振动因子分别为145 min-1,±5.0 mm和0.25.     

Effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates of slab continuous casting mold

A three-dimensional finite-element model of slab continuous casting mold was conducted to clarify the effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates. The results show that temperature distribution of hot surface is mainly governed by cooling structure and heat-transfer conditions. For hot surface centricity, maximum surface temperature promotions are 30℃ and 15℃ with thickness increments of copper plates of 5 mm and nickel layers of 1 mm, respectively. The surface temperature without nickel layers is depressed by 10℃ when the depth increment of water slots is 2 mm and that with nickel layers adjacent to and away from mold outlet is depressed by 7℃ and 5℃, respectively. The specific trend of temperature distribution of transverse sections of copper plates is nearly free of cooling structure, but temperature is changed and its law is similar to the corresponding surface temperature.     

工艺因素对SCM435钢大方坯凝固组织的影响

为了模拟不同工艺条件下的连铸坯的凝固组织,采用有限元法模拟了SCM435钢的连铸凝固过程,获得了325 mm×280 mm连铸坯的温度场,在此基础上与元胞自动机(Cell automaton,CA)耦合模拟凝固组织.结果表明,随浇注温度的降低,柱状晶区逐步减少,表面细晶区及中心等轴晶扩大,晶粒密度逐步增加,最大晶粒面积及平均半径大大减少;但中心凝固所需要的时间反而有所增加,中心处的晶粒的平均半径先降低后升高;拉速对凝固位置的影响较为显著,随拉速的增加,晶粒密度逐步减少,柱状晶宽度与中心处的等轴晶半径略有增加.     

SCM435钢的相变模型

利用热模拟仪对SCM435钢进行了连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)的测定,并用显微镜观察及统计其室温组织.利用Or-igin软件对实验数据进行处理,根据SCM435不同冷速下的相变及相变转变量,进行铁素体、珠光体、贝氏体、马氏体相变模型的回归.并精确地建立了相变点温度-冷却速率关系模型及相变量-冷却速率关系模型,回归计算得到该钢种的最优模型系数.最后对比了SCM435钢的实验值和回归曲线,结果表明计算值与实验值吻合较好,证明所建立模型的合理性及数据处理方法的可行性,因此可以根据回归结果对实际生产中的真实冷却速率做出实时反应,便于对生产进行更加准确地控制.     

Determination of the dynamic recrystallization kinetics model for SCM435 steel

The flow stress behavior of SCM435 steel was studied by using a MMS-200 thermal simulation machine, under the conditions with deformation temperatures of 1023–1323 K and strain rate of 0.01–10 s^?1. The experimental results indicated that the critical strain would get smaller with the increment in temperature and the decrement in strain rate, leaving the dynamic recrystallization easier to occur. The peak stress constitutive equation of SCM435 steel under high temperatures was established by the form of hyperbolic sine, and the activation energy of deformation under high temperature was obtained by regression equation. The critical strain ? _c for dynamic recrystallization was accurately derived from the θ-σ curve containing strain hardening rate θ and flow stress σ. Then the correlation between peak stress, peak strain, critical stress, critical strain and the parameter Z was further obtained. The Avrami kinetic equation of dynamic recrystallization for SCM435 steel was developed from stress-strain curve, and the Avrami exponent m was abstracted. Observations also indicated that the Avrami constants would decrease with increments in temperature, but increase with increments in strain rate. The Avrami constant took small influence from the deforming temperature, but significant influence from strain rate, and the correlation between Avrami constant and the strain rate was obtained by regression equation.     

过程冶金中的CFD应用

ＣＦＤ作为一种研究流动，传热和化学反应过程的方法，目前已在冶金等领域得到广泛应用并显示出良好的应用前景。本文将结合冶金过程的一些特点概述ＣＦＤ的基本原理，区域离散化方法，求技术及应用实例。     

电弧炉用替代废钢的金属炉料的进展

直接还原铁、铁水、冷生铁、脱碳粒铁、碳化铁、复合金属料等替代部分废钢作为电弧炉金属炉料，不仅可解决目前废钢供应短缺，也有利于稀释废钢中有害残余元素，提高钢的质量，是电弧炉冶炼优质钢的必要条件。文中介绍了电弧炉用各种金属炉料的特点和使用效果。