喷射成形GH742y高温合金的高温变形特性

喷射成形是利用快速凝固方法制备高性能金属材料的先进的,低成本的净成形技术.本文研究了变形温度和应变速率对喷射成形GH742y高温合金热工艺塑性的影响.研究结果表明,喷射成形GH742y合金具有良好的热变形能力.不过,变形温度和应变速率对喷射成形GH742y合金的变形抗力也有较大的影响.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金母相时效过程中的组织变化

利用ρ-T曲线测量、X射线衍射、透射电镜观察等方法研究了Cu-19Zn-13A1(at％)合金母相时效过程中组织的变化规律。结果表明：Cu-19Zn-13Al合金母相时效时，口，母相发生了贝氏体转变，继续延长时效时间，贝氏体向α相转变；或者，由β1母相直接转变为块(棒)状的α相。Cu-19Zn-13Al(at％)合金母相时效时，Ms点先升高后下降，且分解过程进行较快，300min后分解过程基本上完成，合金不再发生马氏体相变。     

分子动力学模拟铜纳米团簇的结构稳定性

利用分子动力学研究了原子数为13～1 055的铜纳米团簇.结果表明:随着尺寸的减小,铜纳米团簇的结构发生晶体→非晶→晶体→非晶→晶体→非晶的转变.团簇平均原子结合能随着尺寸的减小而减小,且只依赖于短程有序,这说明了团簇平均原子结合能一般不能够作为非晶与密堆结构晶体转变的判据.平均原子间距不但依赖于团簇的尺寸,且对团簇结构的变化敏感,可以作为非晶与密堆结构晶体转变的一个判据.对偶分布函数的研究表明,大尺寸团簇的内部和表层原子结构都表现出晶格收缩效应,且不同于相应块体晶格,这表明了目前文献中关于团簇的块体加表面模型与壳核模型都有待改进.     

A free-cutting and ductile CuAlMnZnTiB shape memory alloy

The mechanical properties and cutting performance of the designed Cu Al Mn Zn Ti B shape memory alloy were studied by tensile test and microstructure observation. Using X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and semi-quantitative shape memory effect test, the microstructure and shape memory effect were analyzed. It is found that lots of βphase and few α phase are formed in the quenching of Cu-7.5Al-9.7Mn-3.4Zn-0.3Ti-0.14B(mass fraction, %) alloy, a great deal of martensite and few α phase are formed in the aging alloy, while the annealing alloy is composed of a great deal of α phase and few βphase. The tensile strength and elongation of the annealed alloy are 649 MPa and 17.1%, respectively. Some tiny and dispersion distributed second phase particles are generated in Ti and B precipitates, greatly improving the alloy machinability.     

Cu-Al-Mn-Zn-Zr记忆合金的显微组织与力学行为

利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜观察和力学性能测试等手段研究了Cu—18．4A1—8．7Mn—3．4Zn—0．1Zr(摩尔分数，％)记亿合金(多晶)在不同温度与组织下变形时的力学行为。实验合金在不同温度下变形时延伸率不同，变形温度(Td)在Ms与Af之间时的延伸率小于变形温度(Td)高于Af时的延伸率。对实验合金施加应力时，最初的变形主要来自应力诱发马氏体，继而发生马氏体变体择优合并，二者对合金的变形都有贡献；变形量更大时，变体界面共格性被破坏，部分马氏体丧失热弹性。少量α相的析出不影响记忆效应，可使延伸率得以提高。     

Fabrication and properties of low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy

The low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy without hydrogen-fired expansion was fabricated by the technique of vacuum hot press and hot extrusion. The mechanical and electrical properties measurements and microstructures observation on as-hot extruded, as-cold drawn and as-annealed Cu-Al2O3 alloy were conducted. The results show that the addition of a suitable amount of boron in the alloy can lower the residual free oxygen content and then inhibit the hydrogen-fired expansion. The density, σb, σ0.2, hardness, δ and electrical conductivity of the alloy reach 8.86 g/cm^3 (relative density of 99.6%), 340MPa, 250MPa, HB95,24% and 93%(IACS) respectively after hot extruded with the extrusion ratio of 30:1. Its properties have no change after annealed at 900℃ for 1h. Its strength increases after cold drawing, while its ductility and electrical conductivity drop gradually. Various properties of the cold drawn alloy can recover to those of as-extruded after annealed at 900℃ for 1h without the occurrence of recrystallization.     

Twice reverse shape memory effect in CuZnAl shape memory alloy

The variations of the shape memory effects in the Cu-13Zn-15Al(mole fraction, %) alloy upon successive heating (the rate of heating is 5℃/min) have been studied by means of ρ-T curve , shape memory effect measurement, optical metallographical observation and X-ray diffraction. The first abnormal reverse shape memory effect occurs when the tested alloy is heated to the temperature below 320℃ ; when it is heated to the temperature between 320℃ and 450℃, the forward shape memory effect occurs; in the two stages, the shape of the sample remains the same as that in the furnace when it is taken out from the furnace and air-cooled; when the tested alloy is heated to the temperature above 450℃, the shape of the sample remains unchanged during heating, but the second reverse shape memory effect occurs after it is air-quenched.     

Thermomechanical treatment of super high strength Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy

The microstructures and properties of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy subjected to different heat treatments were examined by mechanical and electrical properties measurements, optical and transmission electron microscopes observation. The results show that the precipitation process during aging can be accelerated by the cold deforming before aging. As the Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 970 ℃ for 4 h, cold rolling to 60% reduction, and then aging at 450 ℃ for 60 min, its properties are σb=1 050 MPa, σ0.2=786 MPa, δ=3.2% and conductivity 27.9%（IACS）. The strengthening mechanisms of the alloy include spinodal decomposition strengthening, ordering strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The precipitation of the alloy is nano-scale Ni2Si phase.     

基于瑞利分布的弱小目标能量计算方法研究

随着科学技术的不断进步,军事目标也向着小型化、超高速、低可探测度的趋势发展,因而对目标的探测与识别能力也提出了更高的要求。文中在深入分析点目标成像过程及其能量分布的基础上,提出基于偏态瑞利分布点目标能量计算方法,并通过红外辐射特性测量精度对比实验进行验证,得出应用该方法的辐射强度测量偏差可控制在8%以下,而且测量离散程度更小,可有效区分弥散点目标和背景灰度值,证明该方法具有良好的工程适用性,较高的测量精度且广泛的应用前景。