Modelling of electron energy absorption and backscattering during EBW

A three-dimensional heat flux model for deep-penetrating electron beam welding (EBW) is established to mathematically describe the physical heat generation process during interaction between electrons and the dynamic molten pool free surface. Monte Carlo method is used to determine the electron-target interaction, and random distribution of initial electrons, progressive trajectory tracing and electron backscattering models are used to describe the spatial distribution of electrons absorption. The model is verified in preset keyholes and applied in the simulation on electron beam welding process, and the calculated bead shape shows a good consistency with experimental results.     

电子束扫描横焊薄铌板的熔池动力学行为

在电子束焊接过程中,金属液体蒸发的反冲压力、表面张力、重力等驱动力共同作用于熔池,对焊缝成形有显著影响. 在扫描横焊的情况下,电子束作用范围的扫描摆动和重力方向的旋转使熔池的动力学行为变得更复杂. 采用试验和数值计算方法对电子束扫描横焊薄铌板的熔池形态和凝固后熔合区形貌进行研究,数值模拟得到的熔池形态和熔合区形状与试验结果吻合. 熔池流场分析结果表明,半熔透熔池的驱动力主要为液态金属蒸发引发的反冲压力;全熔透熔池的上表面Marangoni流动占主导,表面张力与反冲压力共同作为熔池流动的驱动力;重力与焊接扫描共同作用使得熔池两侧的质量分布和流场分布不对称,造成了焊缝两侧熔合线的不对称.