Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

机械分层采油技术研究

随着玉门鸭儿峡油田开发不断深入,受注入水突进、非均质油藏层间矛盾影响,造成部分油井含水逐年增高,部分产层不能发挥应有的作用。通过机械分采技术试验,实现层间有效封隔,缓解层间矛盾,认识产层产液现状;评价分层产液求产管柱和机械分采管柱技术在油田的适用性,为油田开展中深井机械堵水技术的研究应用提供技术参考。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

High Power Fiber Bundle Array Coupled LDA Module

1 Introduction High power laser diode arrays (LDA) have many advan- tages such as small volume, long working life, high slope efficiency and high optical density, so they have many applications in medical treatment, material pro- cessing, and for the pumping source of solid laser and etc. But unfortunately, the LDA can not be easy to use directly in these fields because of their poor beam quality and extremely asymmetric divergent beams (!x≈ 5°～10°and !y≈20°～35°, for example), so it …     

Ru的添加量对FeMn尖晶石的结构 及其氧化性能的影响

 考察了随着FeMn尖晶石催化剂中Ru的添加量的变化以及助剂Cu的加入，催化剂物理结构及化学性质的变化。结果表明，Cu的添加不仅对催化剂的比表面和孔径分布有较大的影响，还对各元素的化学环境有较大的影响。当n(Ru)/n(Mn)为0.05时，由于尚未破坏尖晶石的结构，Ru的存在对于催化剂中其它元素如Mn、Fe和O的化学环境具有较大的影响，当n(Ru)/n(Mn)大于0.15时，尖晶石结构被破坏，Ru含量的增加对于其它元素如Mn、Fe和O的化学环境影响不大，对于比表面积和孔径分布等物理性质也影响很小。所研究的催化剂均可催化氧化醇至醛或酮，Ru的含量越大，催化醇液相氧化性能越好。